Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis is accomplished primarily by the interaction of which two cell structures?
Nuclei and Ribosomes
This type of mutation results in a base being eliminated
Deletion mutation
How many bases make up 1 codon? How many amino acids are assembled from 1 codon?
3 and 1
What is transcription? What is made? Where does it occur? What molecules are involved.
mRNA synthesis in the nucleus
Put these in order from smallest to largest. Cell, Chromosome, nucleus, gene
Gene --> chromosome --> nucleus --> cell
3'-ACG-GCA-CGT-ATC-5'
Is this DNA or RNA? How do you know?
DNA because it has Thymine
This type of mutation results in an additional base being added.
Insertion
Here is a strand of DNA that replicated. There was a mutation that occured during replication. What type of mutation occured? Deletion? insertion? Substitution?
DNA sequence 3'-CACTAGCAG-5'
Copied DNA 3'-CACTAACAG-5'
substitution. A substituted for G
3'-ATC-TCA-CTA-GTA-5"
What is the complementary DNA strand?
What is the transcribed mRNA strand?
DNA
5'-TAG-AGT-GAT-CAT-3'
RNA
5'-UAG-AGU-GAU-CAU-3'
What is the significance of Rosalind Franklin's x-ray diffraction of DNA?
It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA
3'-UAU-CGC-GCA-UUU-5"
Is this DNA or RNA? How do you know?
RNA because it has Uracil instead of thymine
This type of mutation results in a base being substituted for another.
Substitution
True or false. We read the codon from 3 bases of DNA to find which amino acid will be assembled.
False. We read the codons from the mRNA
True or False. The expression of genes can be modified by the external environment
True
What is gel electrophoresis?
Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that separates molecules by size and charge. It's a common method for analyzing DNA, RNA, and proteins.
(See Picture)
Please label the picture. The three molecules and 2 steps.
DNA, mRNA and Protein. transcription and translation
a genetic mutation that occurs when one or more base pairs are inserted or deleted from a DNA sequence in a number that isn't a multiple of three. This disrupts the normal reading frame of the DNA sequence.
Frameshift mutation
True or False. A codon is made up of 3 bases, but there are 4 types of bases
True.
If a person genetically engineers one cell, how will that affect the entire organism?
The altered DNA in the edited cell will be replicated and passed on to each new cell during mitosis.
Before conducting an electrophoresis procedure, enzymes are added to the DNA in order to...?
Cut the DNA into fragments
(See picture) Where does step 1 occur? Where does step two occur?
Step 1, transcription happens in the nucleus. Step 2, translation happens at the ribosome
What is the name for a change in the DNA sequence that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein it codes for.
Silent mutation
Write the mRNA sequence that encodes for the following amino acid chain
TRY-ARG-GLY-VAL-ALA-LEU
SEE CODON CHART
Which cellular change could be inherited by the next generation?
A deletion of a single DNA base.
Altering the instructions for an organism to produce a protein is called...?
Genetic engineering