DNA Structure
what is the name of the structure of DNA
double helix
what sugar does RNA contain
ribose
what is the function of DNA replication
make DNA for daughter cells before mitosis/meiosis
what is trancription
DNA to RNA
true or false: all mutations are bad
false
what kind of sugar does DNA contain
deoxyribose
RNA has how many strands
1
what are the 4 main enzymes of dna replication
There are four main enzymes that facilitate DNA replication: helicase, primase, DNA polymerase, and ligase.
what is translation
RNA to AA
what is a mutation
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand: ATG TGA CAG
TAC-ACT-GTC
What is the function of tRNA?
Transfer RNA serves as a link (or adaptor) between the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and the growing chain of amino acids that make up a protein.
what is the role of polymerase
builds new strands of dna
Transcribe the DNA :
T A C C G C T C C
AUG-GCG-AGG
what is a silent mutation
when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein-coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene's protein.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
sugar and phosphate
In RNA, Adenine bonds with ______________.
Uracil
ligase
glue- sealing any breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the strand
Translate this codon to AA
CUU-CGU
Leu-arg
what is this mutation:
An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.
frame -shift
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
hydrogen
What is rRNA
protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome and that is exported to the cytoplasm to help translate the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein.
what is the meaning of 5' and 3' and 3' and 5'
how the carbons on the sugar backbone are numbered and the strands are antiparallel so one strand is 5 to 3 and the other is 3 to 5
What is the point of transcription and translation
to change DNA into MRNA, and the purpose of translation is to produce proteins from mRNA and tRNA.
Dna cant be converted directly into proteins without rna
what is this mutation: A genetic alteration that causes the premature termination of a protein. The altered protein may be partially or completely inactivated, resulting in a change or loss of protein function.
nonsense mutation