Nucleic Acids
What would Adenine bond with in a DNA strand?
Dna making a copy of itself is called
Replication
A dna sequence mutated from AAG GCA TTC to AAG GCT ATT C this is an example of a __________ mutation
insertion (frameshift) mutation
During DNA replication a stand with the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with what bases?
GATCCA
What type of nucleic acid carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What would Adenine bond with in an mRNA strand?
Uracil
The process of making mRNA from DNA is called _______ and happens in the ________ of Eukaryotes
transcription, nucleus
A dna segment changed from AAT TAG to AAA TAG. What type of mutation is this?
Replacement (point mutation)
What mRNA sequence would best match this strand of DNA: GATCCTAGA?
CUAGGAUCU
What molecule carries amino acids to the ribosomes?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
List all 4 nucelotides found in DNA
Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, Thymine
The cetral dogma of biology says that the flow of genetic information happens in what order?
DNA, transcription, mRNA, Translation, amino acids, ribosomes, proteins
A three-base (letter) code for an amino acid is called a
Codon
What mRNA sequence comes from CAT AGG GAG
GUA UCC CUC
What is the double-stranded molecule that contains instructions for making proteins?
DNA
What are the two most common bonds in DNA?
Adenine - Thymine (Apple in the tree)
Cytosine - Guanine (Car in the garage)
In what process is DNA unzipped so that its bases are exposed and a complementary strand of mRNA can be made?
Transcription
What happens in a frameshift mutation?
The codons (groups of 3) are shifted at least one spot resulting in different coded amino acids
What would be the complementary DNA sequence that produces this strand of mRNA: UUG ACU GGA
AAC TGA CCT
The DNA "backbone" or the sides of the DNA strand are made from which 2 units repeating?
-deoxyribose sugars
-phosphates
-polymerase
-ribose sugar
-nitrogen base
deoxyribose sugars and phosphates
What are the three parts of a nucleotide in DNA?
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, deoxyribose (pentose) sugar
In what process does mRNA attach to ribosomes in the cytoplasm eventually leading to the production of proteins
Translation
What happens in a point mutation?
Only one nucleic acid is changed (for example A may be replaced by a C) but the other codons around are unaffected.
Why does a Adenine nucleotide in DNA not code for a Thymine nucleotide in mRNA?
Thymine is not a nucleotide found in RNA, instead Uracil is found in RNA
DNA can be transcribed into a single-stranded genetic code called
mRNA