DNA Structure
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is transcription?
The process of copying DNA into RNA.
What is translation?
The process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
Name the four bases of DNA.
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Name one type of RNA.
mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells).
Where does translation occur?
At the ribosome (in the cytoplasm).
What determines the shape of a protein?
The sequence (order) of animo acids
What type of bonds hold the DNA strands together?
Hydrogen bonds
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.
What pairs with Adenine when making RNA?
Uracil
What is a ribosome?
A cellular structure that facilitates the translation of mRNA into protein.
Why is protein folding important?
Shape determines function
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
What is the role of mRNA?
mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
What is made during transcription?
mRNA
Define codon.
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
What can cause a protein to misfold? (Name one factor)
pH, Temperature, mutations
Describe the function of DNA.
DNA stores genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis.
Explain the significance of tRNA.
tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
What enzyme is responsible for building RNA during transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is the start codon?
AUG
What are the two types secondary protein structures?
beta sheet and alpha helix