Herbal Supplements & Vitamins
This fat-soluble vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and bone health
What is Vitamin D?
Insulin effect on glycogen breakdown
What is inhibition of glycogenolysis?
Half-life of T4 allows patients to miss several days of doses
What is 7–10 days?
Natural glucocorticoid also called hydrocortisone
What is cortisol?
Dose-limiting toxicity of many chemo drugs
What is myelosuppression?
This herbal supplement is commonly used for depression and works by increasing serotonin levels
What is St. John’s Wort?
Mechanism behind hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes
What is insulin resistance?
Drug more potent but shorter acting than levothyroxine
What is liothyronine (T3)?
Major anti-inflammatory mechanism
What is altered gene transcription?
Phase of cell cycle where DNA replication occurs
What is S phase?
This vitamin deficiency leads to impaired clotting and increased bleeding risk
What is Vitamin K?
Why ketosis is less common in Type 2 diabetes
What is presence of some insulin blocking lipolysis?
Why T3 is not used for long-term therapy
What is short duration and rapid onset?
Major endocrine axis suppressed by steroids
What is HPA axis?
Protein that pumps chemo drugs out of cells
What is P-glycoprotein?
This supplement is often used for memory and cognition but increases bleeding risk, especially perioperatively
What is Ginkgo biloba?
Electrolyte often depleted in DKA
What is potassium?
Condition where TSH is unreliable for monitoring
What is secondary hypothyroidism?
Mineralocorticoid effect primarily acts in this organ
What is the kidney (distal tubule)?
Reason combination chemotherapy is used
What is preventing resistance and maximizing cell kill?
This herbal supplement is associated with increased bleeding risk and should be stopped before surgery; also used for cardiovascular health
What is garlic
Basal insulin mimics this physiologic pattern
What is continuous background insulin secretion?
Dose adjustment needed during this physiologic state
What is pregnancy?
Enzyme converting cortisol ↔ cortisone
What is 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase?
Enzyme targeted by methotrexate
What is dihydrofolate reductase?