Survival
This nervous system is responsible for the "fight, flight, or freeze" response.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
This action is a responsibility of the left hemisphere (in most people)
What is speech?
The lobe that houses the motor cortex
What is the frontal lobe?
This type of memory, synonymous with working memory, is very short in duration, lasting from ~10 seconds to 1 minute
What is short-term memory?
This clear liquid buffers the brain against sudden acceleration and deceleration
What is cerebrospinal fluid?
The first brain system to develop (evolutionarily)
What is the hindbrain?
The terms for damage to Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
What is Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia?
This disease, caused by damage to the basal ganglia, is characterized by involuntary movement including tremors, slowness of movement, and changes in posture.
What is Parkinson's disease?
What are the temporal lobes?
This is the approximate number of neurons in the brain.
What is 100 billion?
A "primitive" central brain system involved in emotions, such as fear and aggression, and basic survival drives. Structures include the hippocampus and the amygdala.
What is the limbic system?
Damage to this area causes difficulty with word production, but comprehension of written/spoken language remains.
What is Broca's area?
The three main brain sites involved in motor control
These brain structures are involved in the consolidation of short-term memories into long-term memories
These structures are hollow, interconnected chambers found in the middle of the brain and house cerebrospinal fluid.
What are ventricles?
Dysfunction of this deceptively small structure can cause emotional dysregulation (especially fear or rage) and sleep disturbance
What is the hypothalamus?
This area of the brain is essential to language comprehension, and damage to it can cause a "word salad".
What is Wernicke's area?
The phenomenon in which each hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the control of movements on the opposite side of the body.
This type of memory is the opposite of semantic memory (general knowledge not tied to a specific learning experience)
What is episodic memory?
This brain structure, found just above the thalamus, integrates the functions of the two hemispheres.
What is the corpus callosum?
This structure, located in the hindbrain, mediates the essential functions of breathing, swallowing, vomiting, and blood pressure
What is the medulla oblongata?
This hemisphere provides the intonation patterns for speech, and when damaged causes one to speak in an eerie monotone.
What is the right hemisphere?
This brain structure helps coordinate muscle tone, posture, and hand and eye movements
What is the cerebellum?
This brain structure may play a special role in consolidating memories that have strong emotional meaning
What is the amygdala?
This structure, also known as the neocortex, is the source of the highest levels of sensory, motor, and cognitive processing.
What is the cerebral cortex?