Biosocial Theory
Who were the theorists of the Biosocial Theory?
Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer, Hans Esyneck, and Edward O. Wilson
What are the five basic principles of the feminist theory?
Equality, Choice, Stratification, Violence, and Freedom
What is social exchange theory?
Social Exchange theory looks at the economics of relationships; how people evaluate the costs and rewards of their current relationships.
Pick the best answer
A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to:
a. behaviors
b. conflicts
c. human organs
d. theatrical roles
D. Theatrical Roles
Who is the founder of the conflict theory?
Karl Marx
What is "survival of the fittest"and what does it have to do with natural selection?
"Survival of the fittest" is a popular term that refers to the process of natural selection, a mechanism that drives evolutionary change. Natural selection works by giving individuals who are better adapted to a given set of environmental conditions an advantage over those that are not as well adapted. Survival of the fittest usually makes one think of the biggest, strongest, or smartest individuals being the winners, but in a biological sense, evolutionary fitness refers to the ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
What is the basis of feminist social theory?
1. Social world is pervasively gendered
2. Society characterised by PATRIARCHAL relations:
- Gender = socially constructed ideas
-Reinforces appropriate behaviours for men and women
- Ideas are imbalanced and favours masculinity
3. Patriarchy:
- A structure of power by which men rule
- All pervasive ideology of male superiority
- Linked to ideas about what it means to be a man, and how this compares to femininity
What is the formula used in evaluating the overall value of a relationship is calculated?
Rewards - Cost = Profit/ Outcome
-Negative costs are subtracted from positive rewards.
-When rewards exceed costs, the overall evaluation is positive.
-When costs exceed rewards, the overall evaluation is negative.
-The overall evaluation is seen as a predictor of the life of the relationship (outcome)- we keep positive & ditch the negative.
What are the three central themes of this theory?
1. The importance of meaning for human behavior
2. the importance of the self-concept
3. The relationship between the individual and society
True or False.
Give the correct answer if false.
Consensus is reached when all parties see things differently.
False.
Consensus is reached when all parties see things the same way
Fill in the Blank
The genotype is decided by ____ and phenotype is decided by _____?
Genotype is decided by phenotype and phenotype is decided physical characteristics.
What are some criticisms of the feminist theory?
oppressive to men, works outside paraments and paradigms of traditional scientific knowledge, and work against nuclear family traditions.
What are 6 commodities that are capable of rewarding another during interpersonal exchanges identified by Peter Blau?
Personal attraction, social appearance, social approval, instrumental services, respect/ prestige, and power/compliance.
What are the components of the concept looking glass?
1. We imagine how we must appear to others.
2. We imagine the judgment of that appearance.
3. We develop ourselves through the judgment of others.
How can conflict be managed?
1. By Recognizing There are at least 2 competing perspectives
2. There are scarce resources
3. Acknowledging that each side should have an opportunity to access those resources
What major critiques of biosocial theories exist?
Disagreement among scholars about which assumptions hold true in biosocial theory
Too hard to disentangle biological and social effects on one another.
Tendency to connect genetic pre-disposition with a value judgment.
What was Talcott Parson's explanation of instrumental roles and expressive roles?
Instrumental role - the role generally performed by the male. It is the role as the 'breadwinner', the financial provider. This role is generally performed in the public sphere of paid work, politics and decision-making and involves rationality, detachment and objectivity.
Expressive role - the role generally performed by the female. It is the role of the wife, mother and the 'emotional supporter'. The role is generally performed in the private sphere of unpaid domestic labour, childrearing and caring of family members and involves emotion, attachment and subjectivity.
Cost is divided into what three categories?
Investments, opportunity , and direct costs
What are the four concepts of the self-fulfilling prophecy?
1. Perceiver has expectations about how target will behave
2. Perceiver then behaves in a way that is likely to elicit the expected target behaviour
3. Target indeed behaves in a way that confirms perceiver's expectations
4. Perceiver (Objective Perceiver) sees predicted behaviour
What is the difference between Bourgeois and Proletariat?
Bourgeois- the wealthy powerful people who owned the factories,farm land just about everything else
Proletariat - the people that own little, poor people with limited resources.
What primary assumptions does a biosocial theorist make? Be able to apply these assumptions to real life events and to research topics used in the social sciences.
Humans have an evolutionary origin.
The family has played an important role in human evolution
The evolutionary origin of humans has an influence upon families today
Biosocial influences are both biological and social in character.
The biosocial domain is concerned with three factors:
the biological
the biosocial
the social
What are some alternative feminist perspectives that focus on the different ways in which depression may affect women ?
Prespectives of Liberal Feminists, Marxist Feminist, Radical Feminist, Socialist Feminist, and Cultural Feminist.
What are the dynamics of relationships
1. how they are formed
2. how they are maintained
3. how they dissolved
Briefly summarize the assumptions S-I theory makes about the process of socialization.
• Thoughts are shaped by social interaction (socialization) in which individuals learn meanings and symbols.
• Human act toward things based on the meanings the things have for them.
• Meaning arises out of social interaction between self and others.
• Meanings can be modified depending on an individual's interpretation of the situation
• Patterns of action and interaction make up groups and societies
How can conflict be a positive thing in a relationship in three steps?
Conflict brings solidity and unity to the relationship that challenges the values and powers we asribe to. Facing conflict in relationships brings forth intimacy, relieves tension, resentment, and helps increase the understanding of the relationship.