Terms
Identify the 5 important dairy species
Holstein
Brown Swiss
Ayrshire
Jersey
Guernsey
an inflammation of the mammary gland caused from trauma or an infection, leading to abnormal and decreased milk production is called: ______________
Mastitis
__________ is a condition in the individual animal overtly shows bodily changes that are outside the normal range for that species.
Disease
___________ and the flu are diseases that are contagious because they are spread from animal to animal by contact.
Ringworm
An insect-borne disease that stems from biting midges
Blue Tongue
Cows that are brown (light tan to dark fawn) with darker points around the head and legs
Jersey
a metabolic disorder that occurs in cattle when energy demands (e.g. high milk production) exceed energy intake and result in a negative energy balance
Ketosis
The changes that mark the disease are known as _____________.
symptoms
____________ is the ability of white blood
cells to fight a pathogen and is created
by actually having the disease.
Immunity
A ________ disease is one that can be passed from
animals to humans. Examples of zoonotic diseases include rabies, Ebola, influenza, and tuberculosis.
zoonotic
Cows that have a brown coat of various shades, often with a silvery tone (don’t have dark points like Jersey)
Brown Swiss
What is hardware disease and what is one way it can be prevented?
It is most common in dairy cattle but is occasionally seen in beef cattle. It is very rarely reported in any other ruminants. It can be difficult to conclusively diagnose but can be prevented by the oral administration of a magnet around the time that the animal reaches the age of one year.
_______ Disease: injuries, poisons/chemicals, poor nutrition, birth defects, genetic disorders. _________ disease is caused by pathogens (microorganisms) (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc.)
Non-infectious
Infectious Disease
_____________ immunity is acquired by the animal as a result of an infection (or vaccination) followed by
full recovery.
Active
_________ are created by the host’s body in
response to the presence of an attacking
pathogen.
Antibodies
Cows have a ______________ digestive system meaning they have ____ stomach chambers/compartments
Cows have a ruminant digestive system meaning they have 4 stomach chambers/compartments
Infectious diseases are ________________ if they are transmitted by being passed from animal to
animal
contagious
The organism that causes an
infectious disease is a
pathogen
_________ immunity is transferred from another
animal that has active immunity.
Passive
Many factors affect the spread of disease by
affecting the host, the environment, the
pathogen, or all of the above.
These include:
Crowding – the more individuals in an area, the more
a disease can occur and spread. Weather – some conditions favor the growth and
reproduction of a pathogen (usually warm and wet
environments cause diseases to grow more quickly)
Hygiene – the less sterile and less clean an
environment, the more that disease can spread.
Vectors – the presence of mice, mosquitoes, flies, and other common vectors increases the spread of disease.
Scientific name for cattle is: _____________
A female that has not reproduced is called a: _______________
A female that has reproduced is called a: ____________________
A male is called a: __________________
Bovine
Heifer
Cow
Bull
______________ is the ability of a pathogen to overcome the resistance of the host defenses
Virulence
The organism affected by infectious disease is called the_____________.
host
_______________ immunity - acquired due to infection. _______________ immunity – acquired due to vaccination
Natural
Artificial or Acquired
a _____________ is a serum blood
protein that is produced by the
body to fight the pathogen.
antibody