Biostatistics
Probability a positive screening test represents true disease
Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
Most commonly used serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma
AFP
This deficiency often presents with corkscrew hairs, poor wound healing, and easy bleeding.
Vit C Deficiency
Acid-base disorder associated with opioid overdose
Primary Respiratory Acidosis
Protein target of pembrolizumab
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, PD-L1)
Measure of the probability of new occurrence of a given condition in a population within a specified period
Incidence
Hematological disorder found in 50% of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome
Myeloproliferative disorder (accept any: polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, chronic myeloid leukemia); accept JAK-2 tyrosine kinase mutation
A deficiency in this vitamin may result in vasoldilation leading to high output heart failure.
Thiamine (B1)
Renal artery 'string of beads' radiographic sign is associated with this disorder
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Skin cancer type most prevalent following solid organ transplantation
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
The inverse of this measure is used to calculate the number needed to treat (NNT)
Absolute risk reduction
Gastric disorder associated with 'watermelon stomach' appearance on endoscopy
Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)
A deficiency in this will lead to night blindness in its early stages, and xerophthalmia in its later stages.
Vitamin A
Electrolyte-associated syndrome characterized by quadriparesis, "locked in" syndrome, and coma
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (accept central pontine myelinolysis or pontine myelinolysis)
Class of drugs that consist of monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CLTA-4)
Checkpoint inhibitors (accept immune checkpoint inhibitors)
Direction of change of the positive predictive value when disease prevalence increases
Increase
Name for syndrome characterized by daily, effortless regurgitation of undigested food within minutes of starting or completing ingestion of a meal
Rumination Syndrome
This deficiency is known by the four D's: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea, and, when not corrected, death.
Niacin (B6)
Diagnostic urinalysis finding associated with acyclovir acute kidney injury
Needle Shaped Crystals
Factor most predictive of survival in patients with early stage ovarian cancer
Completeness of surgical debulking
Nonparametric statistic used to estimate the survival function from lifetime data
Kaplan Meier Curve
Type of viral hepatitis with the highest maternal mortality in pregnancy
Hepatitis E
A deficiency in this often causes a violaceous rash and dysgeusia.
Zinc
Autoimmune disease most commonly associated with distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis
Sjögren syndrome
Term for a radiotherapy treatment regimen in which the total radiation dose is divided into large treatments and given over a shorter time period than standard therapy
Hypofractionated (accept hypofractionation)