Body Language
What is an involuntary reaction where the dog's hair raises on their back?
Hackles or Piloerection
What is the word for a signal that tells a dog exactly which behavior earned the reward?
Marker
What device makes a sound marking the exact moment a dog preforms the correct behavior?
Clicker
What critical learning periods occurs roughly between 3-16 week?
Socialization Period
What is the term for a dog who is trained to preform (a) task(s) for someone disability?
Service Dog
What body language may appear just before a dog decides whether to escalate or disengage from a situation?
Freezing
What training method builds complex behaviors by reinforcing small steps towards the final behavior?
Shaping
What two loop collar is designed to tighten only to a limit so dogs cannot slip out?
Martingale Collar
What development stage commonly occurs between 6-14 months?
Adolescence
What term describes when a dog preforms a cue reliably without needing a food reward every time?
Proofed Behavior
The most subtle stress signal mostly seen during training sessions where dogs feel pressured or uncomfortable?
Lip Licking
What training signal tells a dog that a reward is coming in the time in between the correct behavior and receiving the reward?
Bridge Marker
What training tool is used to teach dogs to touch or follow a specific point?
Target Stick
What developmental stage occurs before puppies gain full control of their senses, when they rely almost entirely on touch and smell?
Neonatal Period
What are the four quadrants of dog training?
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment
What subtle facial change in a dog is often one of the earliest indicators that they are becoming uncomfortable in a situation?
Mouth tension or closed mouth
What learning process occurs when the dog begins responding to a previously meaningless cue because it predicts something important?
Classical Conditioning
What small piece of equipment is used to connect two collars or tools to collar for backup safety?
Safety clip, backup clip
What is the developmental stage called when puppies begin to open their eyes and ears?
Transitional Period
What are the 3 D's?
Distance, Duration, Distraction
What term describes when a dog repeatedly offers seemingly unrelated behaviors during mild conflict or uncertainty?
Displacement Behavior
What term describes removing something unpleasant in order to increase a behavior?
Negative Reinforcement
What type of e-collar contact points are designed with wider ends to improve skin contact with longer fur?
Winged contact points, butterfly contacts
What sense develops last in puppies?
Hearing
What is the term for reinforcing a behavior only occasionally rather than every time?
Variable Reinforcement