Shoulder
This muscle is the primary abductor of the glenohumeral joint from 0–30 degrees.
What is the supraspinatus
This muscle is the primary elbow flexor regardless of forearm position.
What is the brachialis
This muscle tenses the palmar fascia and flexes the wrist. Usually used as a Sacrificial tendon.
What are the wrist extensors (e.g., ECRL, ECRB)?
This muscle performs finger abduction at the MCP joints.
What is the dorsal interossei muscle?
This closed-chain exercise is commonly used to improve scapular stability during early-phase shoulder rehab:
What is a wall push-up?
This test assesses for a labral tear by having the arm abducted at 90° and the examiner applies a strong axial loading force. While the arm is horizontally add/flex, the examiner moves the arm diagonally upward angle while applying a downward and backward force is applied to the proximal arm.
What is the KimTest
This test is used to diagnose lateral epicondylitis by resisting wrist extension.
What is Cozen’s Test
This provocative wrist exam involves applying axial compression to an ulnarly deviated wrist while moving it through pronation and supination; a positive result may indicate a TFCC tear.
What is the ulnar carpal stress test?
This test evaluates integrity of the UCL of the thumb MCP joint by applying valgus stress.
What is the Gamekeeper’s Thumb Test?
Numbness over the palmar surface of the thumb most strongly suggests involvement of this cervical dermatome level.
What is C6?
Where do the Rotator Cuff Muscles Insert
What is the Greater Tuberosity of the humerus and Lesser tuberosity of the humerus
Compression of this nerve in the cubital tunnel can cause numbness in the 4th and 5th digits
What is the ulnar nerve
This carpal bone is most commonly dislocated.
What is lunate?
This deformity presents with PIP hyperextension and DIP flexion.
What is a swan-neck deformity?
Exercises such as scapular retraction, serratus punches, and wall slide variations are collectively used to target this key component of shoulder stability.
What is scapular stabilization?
A football player falls on an outstretched arm. He presents with sharp shoulder pain, holding the arm slightly abducted and externally rotated. You notice a squared-off shoulder.
What is anterior shoulder dislocation
A baseball infielder feels a sudden “pop” in the elbow while throwing and now has medial elbow pain and instability.
What is an acute UCL sprain
A volleyball player lands on their hand and now has pain in the anatomical snuffbox. X-ray 1 day after injury appears normal.
What is an acute scaphoid fracture (suspected)?
A basketball player reports a sudden “jammed finger” and now cannot actively extend the DIP joint.
What is a mallet finger?
This phase of throwing begins at ball release and is characterized by rapid eccentric loading of the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers to decelerate the arm.
What is the deceleration phase?
A 56-year-old male presents with a history of gradually worsening right shoulder pain. He reports night pain, increasing stiffness, and difficulty performing daily activities, such as dressing. Physical exam reveals significant restriction of both active and passive abduction and external rotation, with global loss of shoulder motion. Imaging is unremarkable for fracture or arthritis. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
What is adhesive capsulitis or frozen shoulder?
A 14-year-old pitcher reports gradually increasing medial elbow pain with throwing. X-ray later shows fragmentation of the medial epicondyle.
What is Little League Elbow
A warehouse worker reports wrist pain, numbness at night, and difficulty with grip. Positive Phalen’s and Tinel’s tests.
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
An athlete presents with pain over the radial styloid and anatomical snuff box, pain with active and passive thumb and wrist motions and a positive Finkelstein's test.
What is Dequervian’s Disease.
This common early-phase shoulder exercise has the patient lean forward and let the arm dangle, using body motion to create small circles that gently mobilize the joint.
What are pendulum (Codman’s) exercises?