Various
Electrical stimulating currents are classified into what 3 categories?
Direct, pulsed, alternating
Which cells are active after an injury to begin building collagen?
Fibroblasts
Pain
When rehabbing a cervical strain, what must the athletic trainer maintain the integrity of?
Shoulder girdle
The amount of power generated by an ultrasound is defined as what?
Intensity
What are the four sensations an athlete will experience with the application of cryotherapy?
Cold, burning, aching, numbness
What cells are responsible for the resorption of bone during its growth or repair?
Osteoclasts
Feedback from the muscles as to what they are doing during a particular activity is known as?
Proprioception
Strengthening of which muscle is vital in the throwing athlete?
Rhomboids
Autonomic nervous system and the pacinian receptors
What are heat-producing currents in the body that are formed by a magnetic field that is externally applied in short-wave diathermy called?
Eddy currents
What type of steroid medication is used in the treatment of rhematic problems?
Dexamethasone (decadron)
What are the 3 stages of stress according to Hans Selye's phenomenon of the general adaptation syndrome?
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
There are 4 types of common noxious stimuli, what are they?
Mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical
What massage technique is utilized to induce a sedative effect?
Effleurage
Like charges repel while unlike charges attract each other. This is known as what law?
Coulomb's law
Injured cells suffer secondary injury from two main causes, what are they?
Hypoxia and decreased blood flow
Sensory receptors located at the musculotendinous junction, which monitor active tension generated by the muscle during a contraction are called?
Golgi tendon organs
During a D2 PNF extension pattern of the upper extremity, what is the proper timing sequence?
Shoulder extension, forearm pronation, finger flexion
What is the application of electrodes of equal size, resulting in essentially equal current density under them; both electrodes are, therefore, active?
Bipolar technique
High-voltage pulsed stimulation may be used as an adjunct treatment in controlling acute and chronic pain through what 2 mechanisms?
Gate control and opiate release mechanisms
What are the 6 classes of modalities?
Cryotherapy, thermotherapy, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, light therapy, mechanotherapy
What are the 4 phases of healing?
Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, remodeling
During a lower extremity D1 flexion PNF pattern, what movements are taking place at the hip?
Flexion, adduction, external rotation
What are the gas bubbles formed due to nonthermal effects of ultrasound?
Cavitation