Freudian Defense Mechanisms
Psychoanalytic History & Concepts
Dynamics of Intelligence
Intelligence Testing
Social Psychology Overview
100
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.
What is repression.
100
What is the name of the individual who founded modern psychoanalysis, and is famous for their theories of the unconscious mind and repression?
Who was Freud.
100
The chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance.
What is mental age.
100
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting.
What is reliability.
100
Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
What is Groupthink.
200
A defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
What is projection.
200
The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desire in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.
What is the ego.
200
If Meursault has a mental age of 15 and a chronological age of 30, what is his IQ?
IQ = (mental age/chronological age) x 100 (15/30) = .5 x 100 = 50 Meursault’s IQ is 50.
200
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
What is validity.
200
Theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. Like when our awareness of our attitudes and actions clash, we can reduce the dissonance by changing attitudes.
What is Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
300
A defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions.
What is rationalization.
300
Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.
What is the id.
300
Name the condition Meursault suffers from, which is characterized by limited mental ability and indicated by IQ scores below 70 and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life.
What is mental retardation.
300
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
What is predictive validity.
300
Loss of self-awareness occurring in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonyminity.
What is deindividuation.
400
A psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet.
What is displacement.
400
Part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscious) and for future aspirations.
What is the superego.
400
A condition where a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
What is Savant Syndrome.
400
The symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near average, fewer scores lie near the extremes.
What is the normal curve.
400
Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
What is the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
500
A method by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings.
What is reaction formation.
500
Explain the differences between Jungian Collective Unconscious and the Freudian Unconscious mind.
Collective Unconscious is Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history. The unconscious, according to Freud, is a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.
500
The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
What is the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).
500
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score.
What is factor analysis.
500
Tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
What is the fundamental attribution error.
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