Thinking & Problem-Solving
This effect occurs when exposure to certain words or images subtly prepares a person to respond in a particular way later on.
Priming
This effect occurs when a member of a group internalizes positive stereotypes and, as a result, performs better than expected on an assessment.
Stereotype lift
This condition involves the inability to form new memories after a brain injury, even though past memories may remain intact.
Anterograde amnesia
This system holds a limited amount of information—about seven items—for roughly 20–30 seconds unless it is rehearsed.
Short-term memory
hypnagogic sensations
This theory suggests that dreams are just the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural firings as we sleep.
activation-synthesis theory
This type of thinking involves generating many possible solutions to a problem, often used in brainstorming sessions.
Divergent thinking
This theory of intelligence posits three broad types of intelligence: practical, analytical and creative.
Triarchic theory of intelligence
This progressive brain disorder destroys memory and cognitive abilities, often beginning with difficulty forming new memories. It is associated with low levels of ACh.
Alzheimer's disease
This relatively permanent and limitless storehouse contains knowledge, skills, and experiences that can last a lifetime.
Long-term memory
This medical exam involves visualizing blood flow and oxygen metabolism in order to infer brain activity.
fMRI
cause and effect
This occurs when the way information is presented influences the decisions people make, even when the facts stay the same.
Framing
This analytical technique seeks to correlate specific intelligence measures to one another in order to infer one's general intelligence.
factor analysis
This memory error occurs when I embellish a real memory with details that didn't really happen.
Imagination inflation
This deeper form of rehearsal links new information to existing knowledge, greatly improving long-term retention.
Elaborative rehearsal
This autoimmune disorder develops when the immune system attacks ACh receptors on neurons.
myasthenia gravis (MG)
Cones are primarily located in this part of the eye's retina.
fovea
This problem-solving "set" can become an obstacle when you keep using the same approach that worked before—even if it’s not helping now.
Mental set
Bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, verbal-linguistic, and naturalistic are four types of intelligence in this theory.
Multiple intelligences
This type of interference happens when old information disrupts learning or recalling newer information.
Proactive interference
This brief initial stage of memory captures exact sensory information for a split second before it fades, such as iconic or echoic inputs.
Sensory memory
This part of the brain is responsible for balance and muscle movement.
Cerebellum
This is the group that receives some kind of modification or intervention in an experiment.
experimental group
This happens when earlier stimuli influence your interpretation of new information without your conscious awareness—like seeing “yellow” and then noticing bananas faster.
Priming
A type of reliability in which two "halves" of a test are of equal difficulty or produce similar scores.
split-half reliability
This kind of interference occurs when new information makes it harder to remember older information.
Retroactive interference
This active processing system manipulates information you are currently using, such as when solving a math problem or listening and responding at the same time.
Working memory
This refers to a tendency to approach decision-making in a particular way based on past experiences -- sometimes resulting in inflexibility.
Mental set
This is a sample which can be generalized to a specific broader population.
Representative sample