Experimental models
This type of genetically modified mouse lacks CD8α+ and CD103+ dendritic cells.
What is a Batf3−/− mouse?
This cytokine, produced by Th17 cells, contributes to neutrophil recruitment.
What is IL-17?
This type of immune receptor recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
What are Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
This technique was used to sort dendritic cell subsets for functional analysis.
What is flow cytometry?
This cytokine is considered a key therapeutic target for promoting Th1 immunity against Leishmania major.
What is IL-12?
This in vivo technique was used to assess lesion size progression in infected mice.
What is footpad swelling measurement?
This cytokine, associated with Th2 responses, suppresses macrophage activation.
What is IL-4?
This type of innate immune cell is one of the first responders to infection and engulfs pathogens via phagocytosis.
What are macrophages?
This method was used to measure cytokine levels in restimulated dLN cells.
What is ELISA?
This type of immune modulation could enhance dendritic cell function and improve resistance to Leishmania.
What is adjuvant therapy?
This in vivo method was used to determine parasite burden in infected mice.
What is the limiting dilution assay?
Th1 cells are essential for immunity against intracellular pathogens because they activate these immune cells.
What are macrophages?
This family of proteins, released by virus-infected cells, helps neighboring cells resist viral replication.
What are interferons?
This method was used to identify and quantify different immune cell subsets in infected lymph nodes.
What is FACS (Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting)?
Blocking this cytokine could help shift an immune response from Th2 to Th1.
What is IL-4?
This type of chimeric mouse model was used to selectively deplete Batf3-dependent dendritic cells at different time points.
What are CD11c-DTR:Batf3−/− mixed bone marrow chimeras?
A strong Th1 response leads to production of this antibody isotype, indicating resistance.
What is IgG2a?
This signaling pathway is crucial for initiating immune responses after pathogen recognition.
What is the NF-κB pathway?
This technique was used to determine whether dendritic cells from infected mice could induce IFN-γ production in T cells.
What is an ex vivo co-culture assay?
This type of study helps identify genetic factors influencing susceptibility to Leishmania major.
What are genome-wide association studies (GWAS)?
This experimental technique was used to transiently deplete cross-presenting dendritic cells.
What is cytochrome c administration?
A strong Th2 response leads to production of this antibody isotype, associated with susceptibility.
What is IgG1?
This host cell organelle plays a key role in pathogen degradation but is often targeted by intracellular pathogens.
What is the lysosome?
This protein, used as an experimental treatment, was used to neutralize IL-12 in vivo.
What is an anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody?
This molecule, involved in cross-presentation, could be a target for enhancing vaccine efficacy.
What is TAP (Transporter associated with Antigen Processing)?