“Eastern Front & Outside Europe”
This early Russian defeat, caused by poor coordination and outdated command, allowed Germany to crush the Russian Second Army in 1914.
What is the Battle of Tannenberg?
This event in March 1917 forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate.
What is the February Revolution?
Germany’s most effective weapon at sea, used to sink Allied shipping.
What are U-boats?
This American president arrived in Europe a celebrity and champion of liberal peace.
Who is Woodrow Wilson?
This pandemic, beginning in 1918, killed more people than the war itself.
What is the Spanish Flu / Influenza Pandemic?
This British-led campaign, intended to knock the Ottomans out of the war, turned into a disastrous amphibious failure.
What is the Gallipoli Campaign?
Germany resumed this policy in 1917 in hopes of starving Britain into submission, despite the risk of bringing the U.S. into the war.
What is unrestricted submarine warfare?
This 1916 naval battle between Britain and Germany was the largest of the war, though inconclusive.
What is the Battle of Jutland?
Wilson insisted on this principle, allowing ethnic groups to form their own nations where possible.
What is self-determination?
Germany’s new government formed after the war was known as the __________ Republic.
What is the Weimar Republic?
This secret agreement between Britain and France (1916) outlined spheres of influence in the Middle East after the expected collapse of the Ottoman Empire.
What is the Sykes–Picot Agreement?
This intercepted German telegram proposed a military alliance with Mexico and helped push the United States into the war.
What is the Zimmermann Telegram?
This technology allowed pilots to fire machine guns through rotating propellers without destroying them.
What is synchronization gear?
France’s leader at Versailles, nicknamed “The Tiger,” who demanded harsh penalties on Germany.
Who is Georges Clemenceau?
Postwar Germany experienced this catastrophic economic condition in 1923, destroying middle-class savings.
What is hyperinflation?
The Ottoman genocide of this ethnic minority during the war remains one of the most controversial events of the 20th century.
Who are the Armenians?
This faction seized power in the October Revolution under Lenin’s slogan, “Peace, Land, and Bread.”
Who are the Bolsheviks?
The British naval blockade contributed directly to this condition in Germany by 1917.
What is starvation / severe food shortages / “the turnip winter”?
Name one weakness of the League of Nations that hindered its ability to maintain peace.
Examples: no enforcement power; no military; U.S. never joined; dependence on unanimity; Germany & USSR excluded early; national self-interest overshadowed collective security.
What is the term for payment from one nation to another for economic injury suffered during a war?
What are "reparations."
Name one reason Russia collapsed in 1917 and exited the war under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
Possible answers: massive casualties, economic collapse, food shortages, incompetent tsarist leadership, political revolution, mutinies, disintegration of the army, etc.
Name two reasons the United States officially entered WWI in April 1917.
Possible answers: unrestricted submarine warfare, Zimmermann Telegram, defense of democracy, economic ties with Allies, German sabotage incidents in the U.S., desire to influence postwar peace.
Identify one way WWI aviation evolved from 1914 to 1918.
Possible answers: recon → fighters → bombers; development of dogfighting tactics; mounted weaponry; improved engines; coordinated air-ground attacks.
Identify two territorial losses imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles.
Examples: Alsace-Lorraine to France; Polish Corridor; Saar under League control; all overseas colonies; Eupen-Malmedy; Northern Schleswig; demilitarization of Rhineland.
Identify two new or reconstituted states created in Eastern Europe after WWI.
Examples: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Finland.