Anatomy/Physiology
This type of tooth is used for ripping and tearing food
What are canines?
This is the term for a fluid-filled body cavity that is completely lined by layers of mesoderm tissue, forming etiher from the splitting of the mesoderm or by the expansion of the primitive gut.
What is the coelom?
During gametogenesis, only one type of gamete contributes the cytoplasmic components, such as organelles and growth factors, to the embryo; therefore, mitochondrial DNA exhibits this pattern of inheritance.
What is maternal inheritance?
This is the phase that some cells, such as nerve cells and muscle cells, exit the cell cycle and remain permanently in a nondividing phase upon maturity.
What is the G0 phase?
It is the cellular aging process brought on by the slow build-up of DNA damage and epigenetic changes to the DNA structure.
What is cell senescence?
This refers to some body structures, such as the appendix, which are considered to have lost their function over time but remain in the human body as a result of ancestral history.
What are vestigial organs?
This is a type of cell that is common in plants and can differentiate into all cells types, including embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues like the placenta.
What are totipotent cells?
This is the protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during the zygotene phase in meiosis, allowing for synapsis and crossing over to happen.
What is the synaptonemal complex?
This is a small regulatory protein that is used to tag or mark proteins that are to be enzymatically degraded in eukaryotic cells?
What is ubiquitin
Tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells can be silenced when a functional group is added that tightens chromatin structure and prevents transcription factors from binding; this regulation occurs through this process.
What is DNA methylation?
These are the most abundant cells in the nervous system, responsible for maintaining homeostasis, supporting cell signaling, and protecting the brain and spinal cord.
What are glial cells?
A dermal scale believed to be homologous with mammalian teeth.
What are placoid scales
This chromosomal abnormality, which shares its name with a certain Jay Sean song, is described by having an extra copy of chromosome 21 in all or some cells.
What is down syndrome (trisomy 21)?
These are cytoplasmic channels through cell walls that connect cytoplasm of plants cells forming a continuum or symplast.
What are plasmodesmata?
This is the chromatin modification most commonly associated with active transcription and an open, accessible chromatin state.
What is Histone acetylation?
Although now considered vestigial, this region of the human spine is homologous to the mammalian tail.
What is the coccyx?
This embryonic structure is considered to be present at one point in time in all vertebrates. Their fate in fishes are gill slits, but in humans, they develop into different structures of the head and neck.
What are pharyngeal slits?
This genetic disorder, which shares its name with a certain heartthrob vampire, is when a person has an extra 18th chromosome.
What is Edwards Syndrome?
Give the cell organelle that eventually becomes the acrosome cap in mature sperm cells.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
A sequence-specific, post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism where small RNA molecules uses small RNAs in degrading target mRNA molecules for gene regulation, defense, and biotechnology.
What is RNA Interference?
This type of physiological adaptation is observed in this example where individuals exposed to a high altitude, where the kidneys increase erythropoietin production to enhance red blood cell formation and improve oxygen transport.
What is acclimatization?
In mammalian embryos, nutrients are exchanged between maternal and fetal blood through these specialized finger-like projections that increase surface area for diffusion.
What are chorionic villi?
Aurelia aurita, the moon jellyfish, has a chromosome number of 2n = 44. This is the amount of tetrads present in a dividing cell at metaphase II.
What is zero?
Natural Killer (NK) cells MAINLY identify abnormalities on cells by detecting the amount of this molecule on cell surfaces.
What is MHC I?
This collective name refers to the four key proteins that induce pluripotency when introduced into somatic cells.
What are Yamanaka Factors?