Totalitarianism
Who led Italy and created the first major fascist state after World War I?
Benito Mussolini.
What is the German “lightning war” strategy called?
Blitzkrieg
What nickname did Winston Churchill use to describe the division between Eastern and Western Europe?
"Iron Curtain"
Which two nations were created in 1947 when British India split?
India and Pakistan
What system of laws in South Africa separated races and gave white South Africans most rights while denying basic rights to Black South Africans?.
Apartheid
Name one tool totalitarian governments used to control information and shape public opinion.
Censorship (control of newspapers, radio, books) or propaganda (posters, rallies
What was Operation Overlord and when did the main invasion happen?
Allied invasion of Normandy (D-Day), June 6, 1944
What plan gave money to rebuild Western Europe after WWII to keep it from becoming communist?
Marshall Plan
What happened to Gandhi in 1948?
He was assassinated by a Hindu extremist.
What was the Berlin Airlift and why was it necessary?
Allies flew food and supplies into West Berlin during a Soviet blockade (1948–49) so West Berlin would not fall to the Soviets.
Which Soviet leader launched Five-Year Plans and used purges to eliminate rivals?
Joseph Stalin.
What was the purpose of the Manhattan Project?
To develop an atomic bomb to end the war and give the U.S. a strategic advantage.
What new, much stronger bomb did the U.S. build after the atomic bomb?
Hyrdrogen Bomb
What movement supported a Jewish homeland in Palestine in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Zionism
Name one action Hitler took that broke the Treaty of Versailles before WWII.
Examples: remilitarized the Rhineland (1936); the Anschluss with Austria (1938); taking the Sudetenland (1938).
What policy forced peasants onto large state farms in the USSR and caused widespread famine?
Collectivization of agriculture; result: famine and millions died.
What was the island-hopping strategy the U.S. used in the Pacific?
Capture key islands, build airfields, transfer supplies to new isalnd, repeat; and move closer to Japan.
What was Mao’s Great Leap Forward and one major result of it?
Mao's push for rapid industrial and farm collectivization that caused widespread famine and millions of deaths.
What did the United Nations propose for Palestine in 1947?
A plan to divide Palestine into a Jewish state, an Arab state, and an international zone for Jerusalem.
What was the Camp David Accords (1978) and who were the main leaders involved?
A peace agreement between Egypt and Israel negotiated by U.S. President Jimmy Carter; Egyptian leader Anwar Sadat and Israeli PM Menachem Begin agreed (Egypt recognized Israel; Israel returned Sinai).
What are the warning signs of Fascism?
Warning signs of totalitarianism; state is more important than individual rights; extreme patriotism; fear of "others;" hatred of communism and democracy
What did British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain say after the Munich Conference, and why did Winston Churchill disagree?
He has secured, "Peace in our time."
After 1949, two separate governments claimed to be the real China. Name the two places they control.
People's Republic of China - mainland; Tawain - island of Tawain
Which African nation was the first in sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence from Britain in 1957?
Ghana.
Describe two major issues that make Israeli-Palestinian peace difficult today.
Examples: the status of Jerusalem and holy sites; Palestinian refugees’ right of return; Israeli settlements; security concerns and mutual distrust.