Advanced Doppler
This equation is used to calculate TVA using continuity.
What is TVA = (CSA × VTI_RVOT) / VTI_TV
TS ultimately reduces this cardiac parameter.
What is cardiac output
This sign describes JVD increasing with inspiration.
What is Kussmaul’s sign
This leaflet motion pattern is seen in TS (doming during ___)
What is diastole
Normal pulmonic valve area range.
What is 3.5–4.5 cm²
This value increases in TS due to delayed emptying.
What is pressure half time (PHT)
TR leads to this type of overload in the RV.
What is volume overload
This organ becomes enlarged in right heart failure.
What is the liver (hepatomegaly)
This vessel dilates post-stenotically in pulmonary stenosis.
What is the pulmonary artery
Severe pulmonic stenosis valve area cutoff.
What is <1.0 cm²
This ratio is used to calculate pulmonic valve area.
What is velocity ratio (RVOT VTI / PV VTI)
Chronic PI can eventually lead to this type of overload.
What is pressure overload
This murmur quality describes TR.
What is a holosystolic murmur
This region must be sampled to rule out subvalvular PS.
What is the RVOT (right ventricular outflow tract)
Typical PHT constant used for mitral valve (contrast to TS).
What is 220
This hepatic vein waveform component reverses in severe TR.
What is the S-wave
Pulmonic insufficiency initially causes this overload type
What is volume overload
This sound is heard in TS due to valve opening.
What is an opening snap
This valve may be uni-, bi-, tri-, or quadricuspid in PS.
What is the pulmonic valve
Normal hepatic vein diameter range.
What is 0.5–1.1 cm
This inflow parameter must be averaged due to respiratory variation.
What is tricuspid inflow (VTI / gradient measurements)
Pulmonary stenosis causes this type of hypertrophy.
What is right ventricular hypertrophy
This symptom reflects systemic venous congestion.
What is peripheral edema
This septum bows toward the LA in TS.
What is the interatrial septum
Severe TR annulus cutoff in diastole.
What is 3.2 cm