Urinary
This is the basic functional unit of the kidney.
What is the nephron?
This substance, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, helps break large fat droplets into smaller ones for easier breakdown.
What is bile?
This type of digestion involves both the breakdown of food by enzymes and the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces in the mouth.
What are mechanical and chemical digestion?
This part of the brain controls the rate of breathing.
What is the medulla oblongata?
This condition is characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate.
What is bradycardia?
This is the process of plasma moving into the nephron, and it happens at the glomerulus.
What is filtration?
This enzyme begins the breakdown of carbohydrates as soon as food enters the mouth.
What is salivary amylase?
This organ absorbs carbohydrates, where they enter the bloodstream for nutrient distribution.
What is the small intestine?
This is the amount of air taken in during a normal breath.
What is tidal volume?
This condition involves an abnormally fast heart rate.
What is tachycardia?
This process occurs when crystals form from excess minerals and poor hydration.
What is the formation of kidney stones?
These two substances are secreted by the pancreas to aid digestion and neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum.
What are pancreatic enzymes and sodium bicarbonate?
This vessel transports nutrient-rich blood from the intestines to the liver for processing.
What is the hepatic portal vein?
During this process, CO₂ levels drop, potentially leading to dizziness.
What happens during hyperventilation?
This is a type of heart activity where the electrical signals are chaotic, and the heart cannot pump effectively. It is fatal.
What is ventricular fibrillation?
This hormone increases water reabsorption, leading to more concentrated urine.
What is ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)?
This hormone triggers the gallbladder to release bile in response to fats in the small intestine.
What is cholecystokinin (CCK)?
This process involves wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract.
What is peristalsis?
At this altitude, the body responds by increasing the rate of breathing due to lower oxygen levels.
What is the effect of high altitude on breathing?
This is caused by congenital defects, infections, or aging.
What causes defective heart valves?
This system increases blood pressure by retaining water and sodium and causing vasoconstriction.
What is the RAAS system?
After digestion, fatty acids are absorbed into these small vessels of the lymphatic system.
What are lacteals?
This hormone stimulates the release of gastric acid in the stomach and increases motility, while this inactive enzyme is converted to its active form, pepsin, in the acidic environment.
What are gastrin and pepsinogen?
This process or substance releases hydrogen ions into the blood, contributing to a decrease in pH which is then detected by these receptors
What is carbonic acid and chemoreceptors?
This type of standard treatment involves either repairing or replacing the the damaged parts surgically.
How are defective heart valves treated?