Totality Recall
A handwritten anonymous letter triggered an investigation of drug trafficking from Florida. This flexible standard helped validate the search.
What is the totality of the circumstances?
This term refers to being in an environment where a reasonable person would not feel free to leave.
What is custody?
Service members must be read their rights under this article before being questioned by someone who suspects them of a crime.
What is Article 31?
This legal standard is lower than probable cause and is sufficient to justify a stop and frisk.
What is reasonable suspicion?
When a suspect is questioned without Miranda warnings while in custody, the result is often this
What is a suppressed statement?
Unlike civilians, military personnel can be punished for speech that undermines this.
What is good order and discipline?
The Fourth Amendment requires this level of detail when describing the place to be searched and items to be seized in a warrant.
What is particularity?
Officers can’t use “functional equivalents” of questioning to get around this legal rule.
What is the Miranda requirement?
When commanders issue an LOC, the respondent has this many days to respond.
What is three?
This term refers to the idea that so much time has passed between the probable cause event and the search itself that the warrant is no longer valid.
What is stale?
The Court said asking a detained suspect about the location of a missing weapon could still count as this type of prohibited tactic.
What is the functional equivalent of interrogation?
This is the highest-level of military courts-martial.
What is general courts-martial?
When the same person investigates the crime and issues the warrant, the warrant is invalid for lacking this.
What is a neutral and detached magistrate?
In a famous example, a suspect's religious beliefs were used to elicit a confession during a long drive with police. The Court said this violated this post-charge constitutional protection.
What is the 6th Amendment right to counsel?
What is seven?