Anatomy
These are the two types of nephrons
What is cortical and juxtamedullary
This is the amount of time urine should be tested in before changes begin to occur.
What is 2 hours.
This error can lead to leaching of dipstick reagents.
What is leaving the strip in urine.
These are the two primary sites of cast formation.
What is distal collecting tubule and collecting duct.
This is the reagent test strip that requires the longest reaction time.
What is leukocyte esterase.
This is the order of structures urinary filtrate flows through in the nephron.
What is Bowman's capsule, PCT, descending LH, ascending LH, DCT, Collecting duct.
These variables can lead to dark, amber, and orange urine.
What is a concentrated specimen, bilirubin, vitamin A, acriflavin, pyridium.
These factors can lead to acid urine.
What is first morning specimens, diet high in meat and fruit, metabolic or respiratory acidosis,
These crystals are described as thorny apples.
What is Ammonium Biurates
The Acetest is a confirmatory test for ketones, and uses this testing principle.
What is ketones, same as strip test (Na-nitroprusside).
The glomerulus is ____ and filters these types of substances.
What is semipermeable, water and soluble wastes with MW less than 70,000
These are the most common causes of turbidity in urine.
What is amorphous crystals, WBCs, RBCs, Epithelial Cells, Bacteria.
This is a protein synthesized by distal tubular cells, and is the common matrix of casts.
What is Tamm-Horsfall protein.
Oval fat bodies are this type of cell, and are seen when...
What is RTEC, when lipids cross the glomerular membrane.
*Daily Double
This is the explanation for a nitrite negative sample with bacteria present in the microscopic exam.
What is a non-nitrate-reducing organism.
This process is described as the countercurrent mechanism.
What is when water is removed in the descending LH, Na and Cl and reabsorbed in the ascending LH, and the impermeability of water in ALH prevents the excessive reabsorption of water.
The oxidation of bilirubin leads to this color of urine.
What is yellow-green.
The ketone dipstick uses a _____ test and indicates _____.
What is Sodium nitroprusside, fat metabolism (Diabetes, starvation).
This is where transitional epithelial cells are sloughed from.
What is the lining of the lower urinary tract.
A urine sample contains bacteria, WBCs, and is turbid. These are the dipstick results you may see an increase in.
What is pH, nitrite, leukocyte esterase.
This is the order of structures blood flows through in the nephron.
What is renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, renal vein.
These may lead to dark brown or black urine.
What is methemoglobin, melanin, homogentisic acid.
These two dipstick reagents use a Diazo reaction.
What is bilirubin and nitrite.
These conditions are indicated by broad casts in the urine.
What is chronic renal disease, tubular dilation.
A young patient suspected of ingesting antifreeze (ethylene glycol) is brought into the E.R. He produces an acidic urine. This is the type (include specific form) of crystal you would expect in this sample.
What is the Dumbbell form of calcium oxalate.