Research Methods
What is the name of the variable that is manipulated in a study?
Independent variable
Define "reductionism"
Seeking to understanding complex things by reducing them to simpler/more fundamental things
What is "dispositional attribution"?
personality traits cause behavior (not situations)
What are the six ethical considerations in psychological research?
Consent, anonymity, right to withdraw, deception, undue stress/harm, debrief
What does "et al." mean?
...and others...
Define neuroplasticity
The ability of the brain to change/adapt, by creating new neurons/networks.
What is the "halo effect"?
a personal impression created in one area influences opinion in another area
What is "inclusive fitness"?
There is an evolutionary benefit to helping those with similar genes
What is one reason that causality can be difficult to prove?
1. Correlation ≠ causality
2. Extraneous/confounding variables
Define "localization of function"?
Certain parts of the brain correspond to certain functions.
What was the name of the 'smelly t-shirt" study?
Wedekind (1995)
What is one example of "refinement" in ethical considerations of animal research?
Use less invasive techniques; better medical care/living conditions
[DOUBLE JEOPARDY!]
What is an "operationalized variable"?
A variable that can be measured/quantified
What part of the limbic system controls emotion, aggression, formation of emotional memory?
Amygdala
What is "social penetration theory"?
Close relationships are formed by a process of gradual self-disclosure
What are the three Rs of ethics in animal research?
Reduce, refine, replace
What does "bidirectional ambiguity" mean?
When it is unclear which direction of influence exists between variables.
What is one limitation of kinship selection theory?
1. Why do we help non-kin?
2. Evolution theories difficult to test
3. Kinship is more than shared genes.
What is it called when familiarity leads to liking?
Mere exposure effect
We look to others to help interpret situations, especially ambiguous ones. This establishes social norms.