The Basics
Passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
What is HEREDITY?
Offspring of parents with different forms of the same trait
What are HYBRIDS
The basic physical and functional unit of heredity located on a section of chromosome of DNA
What is a GENE?
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations
What is GENOTYPE
The basic structural and functional unit of a living organism
What is a CELL?
Double stranded nucleic acid that stores an organism's entire genetic material also known as deoxyribonucleic acid.
What is DNA?
Phenotypes of genetically related family members
What is a PEDIGREE
An organism's traits are controlled by the different forms of genes, or ________ it inherits from its parents.
What are ALLELES
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
What is PHENOTYPE
Tell how mutations can affect traits. Must name at least 2 mutation types.
proteins express traits
Can alter proteins made from DNA code which changes the way the traits are expressed
Some mutations cause genetic disorders
Not all are negative, some have no effect or make a change that is beneficial
A characteristic of an organism; can be genetic or acquired
What is a trait?
A change in the sequence of a gene
What is a mutation?
Allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
What is a DOMINANT ALLELE
An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is said to be ___________
What is HOMOZYGOUS
What are PROTEINS?
A single, highly organized and structured piece of DNA
What is a chromosome?
A recessive allele is represented by a __________ letter, while dominant allele is represented by a __________ letter.
What is LOWERCASE and UPPERCASE
Allele whose trait is always hidden whenever the allele is present
What is a RECESSIVE ALLELE
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait is said to be ______________
What is HETEROZYGOUS
Different forms or versions of something
What is VARIANTS?
A tool or model that can help you understand how the laws of probability apply to genetics
What is a Punnett Square?
Mendel did THIS when he removed pollen from a flower on one plant and brushed the pollen onto a flower on a second plant
What is CROSS POLLINATION the pea plants
Brown hair (B) is dominant to blonde hair (b). How many offspring would you expect to have brown hair in a cross between homozygous dominant parent and homozygous recessive parent?
What is 4/4 OR 100%?
When one allele is expressed over another allele
What is Complete Dominance?
A process that leads to genetic variation
What is SEXUAL REPRODUCITON?