Ch 26
What percentage of Calcium is reabsorbed in the filtrate?
About 98%
The only way to “fix” being in hypokalemia is by…
Is to consume things with more potassium
What percentage of women have a 28-day ovarian cycle?
Only 10-15% of women have a 28-day ovarian cycle.
What is the number one cause of birth defects in the world?
alcohol & tobacco
Which layer of the uterine wall is shed during menstruation?
Stratum functionalis (functional layer)
Having too little Potassium can make the brain prone to what?
The brain is more prone to seizures
Which hormone regulates Calcium?
Parathyroid
Which hormone triggers ovulation in the ovarian cycle?
LH (luteinizing hormone) triggers ovulation in the ovarian cycle.
The first few days of nursing what comes out instead of milk?
Colostrum
What is the most common type of IV?
Isotonic
When someone is in Hyperkalemia, what hormone is secreted in order for the body to replace potassium and hydrogen for sodium?
Aldosterone
How does the body get rid of Potassium in your kidneys?
It gets secreted in the DCT and collecting tubule
What does the "scar" of the dominant follicle turn into after ovulation?
Corpus Luteum
Which phase of the Ovarian Cycle is always a set amount of time and how many days does it last?
Luteal Phase and it lasts 14 days
What might a fetus develop if the mother doesn't ingest enough folic acid?
Spina Bifida
Hypokalemia can cause flaccid paralysis, explain why that is the case involving the Resting Membrane Potential…
RMP gets further away from threshold making it harder for the “all or nothing” depolarization phase to happen
What Ion is the most abundant in the ECF and the most influential in the OP of blood and what is the normal range in volume?
Sodium Ion; 135-145 mEq/L
What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?
The three phases of the uterine cycle are menstrual, proliferative, and secretory.
What are the three stages of childbirth?
1. Dilation
2. Expulsion
3. Placental
Regulation of ECF is primarily done by the PTH, what are the three "places" that PTH targets?
1. Bones
2. Kidneys
3. Small Intestine
At what measurement is a person considered to be in Hyperkalemia? (Normal is 3.5-5.5 mEq/L) and what might the end cause be?
> 6 mEq/L; at first the RMP is much closer to threshold and it is easier for the nerves and muscles to be responsive, later it can lead to flaccid paralysis
Describe the effects of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia in regards to the Resting membrane potential…
Hypercalcemia is hyperpolarized and harder to reach threshold Hypocalcemia is depolarized and easily reaches threshold
What are some causes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?
1. High levels of placental E&P cause insulin resistance
2. Placenta also releases excess insulinase
Describe Placental Abruption...
Premature separation of placenta
from uterine wall – usually in last
trimester
Name two ways a fetus bypasses the lungs while in the womb....
1. Foramen ovale
2. Ductus arteriosus