Famous Explorers
This explorer is called the "Father of New France" and founded Quebec City in 1608.
Samuel de Champlain
This religious institution ran almost all the schools and hospitals in early New France.
Catholic Church
This is the animal skin that was most wanted by Europeans to make fancy hats.
Beaver Pelt
Indigenous people shared this vital skill with Europeans to help them travel quickly across Canada’s lakes and rivers.
building birchbark canoes
This Italian explorer, sailing for England, discovered the rich fishing banks off Newfoundland in 1497.
John Cabot
Because there were no TVs or radios, French settlers used these two activities to stay social during long winters.
Music and Dancing
This famous company was started by the British in 1670 and is still a department store today.
Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC)
The Fur Trade caused intense competition between Indigenous Nations, such as the Haudenosaunee and the Huron-Wendat, over control of these areas.
Trade Routes (or Hunting Territories)
He was the first recorded Black person in Canada and worked as a translator between Europeans and the Mi'kmaq.
Mathieu Da Costa
These "Kings Daughters" were sent by Louis XIV to New France to marry settlers and help grow the population.
Filles du Roi
This group of people emerged as a distinct culture with their own language (Michif) during the fur trade.
The Metis
hrough the Fur Trade, First Nations people received these two types of metal goods which changed how they cooked and hunted.
metal pots (kettles) and tools (like knives or axes)
This French explorer made three voyages and claimed the St. Lawrence region for France in the 1530s.
Jacques Cartier
This was the name of the land-holding system where "Seigneurs" owned the land and "Habitants" farmed it.
Seigneurial System
This was the Hudson's Bay Company's main rival, based in Montreal, until they merged in 1821.
The North West Company
This 1763 British law officially recognized that First Nations owned their land and that settlers could not just take it.
Royal Proclamation
He explored the far north looking for the Northwest Passage and has a massive Bay named after him.
Henry Hudson
These were the "runners of the woods"—young men who traveled by canoe to trade for furs without a license.
Coureurs de bois
This was the most devastating "invisible" thing Europeans brought that killed many First Nations people.
Disease
Many First Nations women played this crucial role in the Fur Trade, acting as guides and bridge-builders between cultures.
The Country Wives