Plant Diversity
Plant Anatomy/ Growth
Water Relations
Plant Nutrition
Sensory Systems (Hormones)
100
Which of the following statements about pollen is false?
a) It is made in the anther
b) It is the male gametophyte and houses sperm
c) It is found in all vascular plants
d) After landing near the egg-producing gametophyte, it grows into a thread/tube-like structure toward the ovules.
e) All of the above statements about pollen are true
c) It is found in all vascular plants
Pollen is found in angiosperms, which are vascular plants, but not all vascular plants are angiosperms.
100
The root cap does not have which of the following functions?
A. Detects direction of gravity (gravitropism)
B. Protects the root apical meristem (RAM)
C. Produces border cells
D. Produces mucus that lubricates the border cells
E. Undergoes continuous cell division for primary root growth
E) Undergoes continuous cell division for primary root growth
100
Your dad built a swing on an old tree for you. The tree is 50 feet tall. He made it so that the swing seat hung 3 feet above the ground. If the tree grows 0.5 foot/year for 4 years, how much does your dad need to lower the swing to keep the seat 3 feet from the ground?
A) 0 feet
B) 1 foot
C) 2 feet
D) 4 feet
0 feet
100
Indian pipe (aka ghost plant) is a white, non-photosynthetic plant found in forests. It connects its roots to the mycorrhizal network of nearby trees.
How does it obtain its food?
A. By fixing atmospheric carbon
B. By absorbing sugars from the host tree through fungal connections
C. By photosynthesizing using reflected light
D. By capturing insects and digesting them
B. By absorbing sugars from the host tree through fungal connections
100
In cereal grains, gibberellin diffuses from the embryo into the aleurone layer, triggering the release of α-amylase.
Why is this enzyme important during germination?
A. It breaks down starch in the endosperm into sugars the embryo can use.
B. It activates phytochrome to begin photosynthesis.
C. It dissolves the seed coat to allow oxygen diffusion.
D. It transports auxin to the shoot apex for elongation.
A. It breaks down starch in the endosperm into sugars the embryo can use.
200
T/F: In the life cycle of vascular plants, gametes fuse to form a zygote immediately after meiosis.
FALSE, gametes undergo mitosis (growth phase) before fusion.
200
In a vegetative state, a plant's bud can develop into ____ and in the reproductive state, a bud can develop into a _____.
Branch, flower
200
T/F: Adding solutes decreases water potential.
TRUE - adding solutes makes Ys more negative.
Water likes to follow salts/solutes!!
200
In a hydroponic setup, plants grown without potassium (K) show weak stems and curled leaves.
Why is hydroponics a useful technique for diagnosing such problems?
A. It eliminates all bacterial growth
B. It allows precise control of mineral composition in the environment
C. It increases the rate of photosynthesis
D. It provides more oxygen to plant roots
B. It allows precise control of mineral composition in the environment
200
A researcher shines blue light on one side of a seedling. Later, the seedling bends toward the light. Microscopic examination reveals that the shaded side of the stem has longer cells.
What best explains this difference in cell length?
A. Phototropin moves into shaded cells and triggers photosynthesis.
B. Blue light causes auxin to redistribute toward the shaded side, stimulating elongation.
C. Cells on the bright side are destroyed by light exposure.
D. Water diffuses into lighted cells, causing them to shrink.
B. Blue light causes auxin to redistribute toward the shaded side, stimulating elongation.
300
Which of the following features do mosses lack?
A. Spores
B. Seeds and vascular tissue
C. Photosynthetic ability
D. Archegonia and antheridia
B. Seeds and vascular tissue
Is moss a dominant gametophyte or sporophyte?
Where in a moss is the spore produced?
Where in a moss is the sperm produced?
Spore produced in the sporangium.
Sperm produced in the antheridium.
300
Which of the following is false about fruits?
A) Fruits are "sinks" for sap/sugar
B) Fruits develop from the ovary
C) Their purpose is to disperse the next generation
D) The sugars in the fruit support the growth of the developing embryo
E) Fruits do not develop until the egg is fertilized and becomes an embryo
D is false, because sugars in the fruit are meant for attracting animals for seed dispersal, not to support the embryo.
Where does the developing embryo get its sugar then?
300
Which of the follow does NOT happen when stomata close?
A) More water is conserved in the plant
B) Less sugar is formed in photosynthesis
C) Less distribution of minerals throughout the plant
D) Increased rate of water flow in xylem
E) All of the above happen when stomata close
D) Increased rate of water flow in xylem
300
List all of the legumes that have a symbiotic relationship with a nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Rhizobium.
Alfalfa, beans, peas, clover
Not corn!
What enzyme does Rhizobium have that can break the 3x bond in N2?
300
A short-day plant is grown in a greenhouse with long summer nights. The grower occasionally flashes red light in the middle of the night, and the plant fails to flower.
What happened?
A. The red light converted Pr to Pfr, which interrupted the long night required for flowering.
B. The red light increased ABA, keeping buds dormant.
C. The red light caused ethylene release, leading to leaf abscission.
D. The red light activated phototropin, which closes stomata.
A. The red light converted Pr to Pfr, which interrupted the long night required for flowering.
400
Which is dominant in vascular plants?
A. Gametophyte
B. Sporophyte
C. Spore
D. Zygote
B. Sporophyte
400
1) A daughter cell of a cambium cell division can become which of the following?
A) Companion cell
B) Cambium cell
C) Sieve element
D) Tracheid
E) All of the above
2) Which of the following cell types do not have a secondary wall?
A) Tracheids
B) Fibers
C) Mesophyll cells
D) Vessel elements
E) Sclereids
E) All of the above
C) Mesophyll cells
400
T/F: Apoplastic movement ends at the epidermis because epidermal cells are “waterproofed” by Casparian strips.
T/F: All water that enters the xylem must cross a membrane at least twice.
FALSE - Apoplastic movement ends at the ENDODERMIS because endodermal cells have waterproof Casparian strips. Casparian strips are composed of what?
TRUE
Into the endodermis (or before that)
Out of endodermis
400
_______ is a mineral element needed for protein synthesis and ______ is a mineral element needed for nucleic acids.
A) S, Na
B) K, P
C) P, S
D) S, P
E) Na, P
D) S, P
What mineral element is necessary for osmoregulation?
400
T/F: Many plant hormones, such as auxin and gibberellins, have specific protein receptors, which when bound to the hormone, activate certain gene repressors in the nucleus.
False, INACTIVATE/removes gene repressors.
500
The two major groups of flowering plants, the monocots and the eudicots, can be reliably distinguished by each of the following EXCEPT:
A) Ability to make branched shoots
B) Number of seed leaves
C) Arrangement of vascular tissue in the stem
D) Numbers of flower parts
E) Arrangement of veins in leaves
A) Ability to make branched roots
500
In angiosperms, which of the following cell types is incapable of entering the cell cycle to undergo mitosis?
a) Egg
b) Zygote
c) Cortex cell adjacent to cambium in vascular bundles
d) Cell in the shoot apical meristem
e) Cell in the root apical meristem
a) Egg
500
Transport of sucrose into phloem...
A) Decreases physical pressure in phloem, thus increasing water potential
B) Causes water to move into adjacent xylem cells due to decreased hydrostatic pressure
C) Increases physical pressure in phloem, thus increasing water potential
D) Causes sucrose to build up, which draws in water from adjacent cells that pushes sugars away from source cells/organs
D
500
A grassland plot treated with antibiotics (removing bacteria) shows poor plant growth.
What is the most likely reason?
A. Bacteria normally produce sugars for plants
B. Soil bacteria are needed for nitrogen fixation
C. Antibiotics reduce water absorption in plant roots
D. Antibiotics directly harm plant leaves
B. Soil bacteria are needed for nitrogen fixation
500
Which of the following does not rely on ATP-driven proton pumps?
A) Polar transport of the auxin hormone
B) Opening stomata
C) Apoplastic phloem loading
D) Nodule formation
E) All of the above rely on proton pumps
D) Nodule formation