Nervous System
What does PNS stand for
peripheral nervous system
What is the inner layer of the eye called containing the receptor cells
Retina
Which is the first structure of the ear to vibrate
ear drum / tympanic membrane
What 2 distances are responsible for the stopping distance
reaction distance + braking distance
Define the independent variable
purposely changed or manipulated, the cause of the effect being measured
What should a title include for a table or graph
both the independent and dependent variable
What is CNS and what is it composed of
Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
Name the clear covering of the eye that light passes through
cornea
What are the 3 bones in the ear called
ossicles
malleus/hammer, incus/anvil and stapes/stirrup
Name 3 things that would affect braking distance
speed, friction - brakes, tyres, road surface, weather ie snow or ice on road
What 3 things must be included in a hypothesis
statement /prediction
including the independent and dependent variables
the effect expected (eg increase, decrease, remain constant)
Where should the units be written in a table
with the heading label for the row / column
Name the 3 types of nerve cells and give each of their functions
Sensory - start a neural impulse from a receptor towards the CNS
Interneuron - pass the impulse between nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
Motor neuron - send the response from the brain to the muscles for a response
Which part of the eye is responsible for focusing the image
lens
What nerve takes the information from the ear to the brain
auditory nerve (containing sensory neurons)
Name 4 factors that affect reaction time
anticipation, practice, drugs / alcohol, distractions, age, fatigue, vision and hearing
What data goes on the y axis
dependent variable
How do you calculate the average
total of the data / number of trials
What are the lobes of the cerebrum responsible for controlling?
Higher level brain function and voluntary movements
What is the jelly like part of the eye
aqueous humor
What 2 things does the cochlea contain that are important for hearing
fluid and hair cells
Determine the reaction distance for a 1.5 sec response when driving at 20m/s
rd = rt x speed
= 1.5 x 20 = 30m
What is the difference between the control group and controlled variables
control group is without a change to the independent variable (baseline, normal data)
controlled variables are kept constant because they can impact the dependent variable (results)
What does reliability refer to
repeated trials and if they have similar / consistent results
What is the function of the cerebellum
co-ordination, fine motor control
Place the structures in order as light would pass through or touch them:
retina, pupil, lens, cornea, vitreous humor
cornea, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina
What structure responds to different frequencies of sound
hair cells
Give detail about the impact of increasing speed on reaction distance and braking distance
increases both distances but braking distance increases more at higher speeds
When should a column graph be used
if the independent variable is descriptive / labels / qualitative (not numerical)
How does a neural impulse pass from one neurone to another
neurotransmitters are released (across the synaptic gap) from the end of one neurone to stimulate the response in the next neurone