GPCRs
GPCRs are only found in organisms from which domain of life?
Eukaryotes
What is the size of an Amino Acid approximately in angstrom?
4 to 10 angstroms
What does MLP stand for?
Multi-Layer Perceptron
$1B
What are the domains of life?
Bacteria, Archae, Eukaryea
The last Nobel Prize awarded related to GPCRs was given in 2012 to which 2 PIs our lab works with?
Brian Kobilka and Bob Lefkowitz
What is the optimal volume box shape for running simulations of soluble non-membrane proteins?
Dodecahedron, or any shape with lots of sides
When was GPT-1 released? Month and Year
June, 2018
Which gas is the most frequently cited therapeutic in the WHOs list of essential medicines?
Oxygen
What protein is the most conserved across all life?
Ribosome
Humans have at least how many GPCRs?
831
Explain what a periodic boundary condition is, and why it is necessary.
By having particles that exit one side of the simulation box re-enter on the opposite side, it creates the illusion of an infinite, bulk system, preventing unrealistic interactions with a hard wall.
What type of self-supervised learning was used to train ESM-2?
Masked Language Modeling
When was Tylenol first synthesized?
1877
How much power does a human being output at rest?
100 watts
The GPCRs responsible for tasting sweetness in humans have what type of special ligand binding domain?
Venus Fly Trap Domains
What interactions are the most expensive to compute per step in an MD simulation?
What properties are needed for a valid kernel for use with the kernel trick?
symmetric, e.g. k(x,y) = k(y,x) and positive semi-definite
What other species is known to use medications to induce labour?
African elephants
When did nervous systems first develop in animals?
560 mya
Which tissue expresses the most types of non-chemosensory GPCRs? 2x points for guessing the most expressed GPCR
The Brain, Hypothalamus, CB1
What does AMBER stand for?
Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER)
Also called relative entropy, what term refers to the measure of how different a distribution Q is from a distribution P? Full name needed
Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KL Divergence)
What is the date of the latest FDA approval for a new drug?
July 3, 2025
How old is the oldest continuously living animal in the world estimated to be?
10,000 years old, southern ocean glass sponges