Basic Science
Used as a template to make proteins in the cell
What is RNA?
Simple organic compound drug used to target a binding pocket (groove) in a protein to inhibit or activate it.
What is small molecule drug?
The unwanted effects of a drug are known by this term.
What are side effects?
This early stage of drug discovery narrows millions of potential compounds down to a few thousand promising candidates before preclinical testing. (Hint Machine Learning, AI and CRIPSR are used in this step)
What is Drug Screening?
The name of your teacher.
What is Georgina?
This unwanted change in DNA may result from error-prone repair of a double-stranded break.
What is a mutation?
Medications with high molecular complexities made in living organisms. Examples are cytokines, hormones, and therapeutic proteins.
What is a Biologic?
This term describes the amount of drug a patient should take needed to produce the desired effect. (Hint: it's on the bottle/drug label)
What is dosage?
The stage of clinical Trials focused on determining a drug's safety and appropriate dosage.
What is Phase I?
In 2022, a genetically modified heart from this animal was transplanted into a human.
what is a pig?
This biological catalyst (protein) speeds up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed.
What is an enzyme?
This preventive treatment exposes the immune system to an antigen without causing the disease. (Hint: The goal is to prevent the body from infection)
What is a vaccine?
Anti-platelet drugs like aspirin are often referred to by this common name because they prevent blood clots from forming.
What is a blood thinner?
The stage of clinical trials that tests a drug's effectiveness and safety in a large group of patients before regulatory approval.
What is Phase III?
The country Georgina's family is from.
What is Honduras?
In chemistry, this substance can donate a proton (H⁺) to another molecule and has a pH below 7. (ex. is lemon juice)
What is an acid?
B cells in the spleen are engineered to make this type of Biologic. (Hint: it targets a specific antigen)
What is a monoclonal antibody?
In a small molecule drug, the term that describes the common structural or functional elements of a set of compounds essential for the activity towards a particular biological target.
What is pharmacophore?
Before clinical trials begin, researchers evaluate drugs using these types of preclinical models. Name two.
What is 2D cells, organoids, and/or animals?
The animal I worked with for only a few months.
What is a zebrafish?
This circular piece of DNA is commonly used to insert a gene of interest into bacteria so they can produce proteins such as insulin.
What is a plasmid?
We spoke about three gene editing therapies (where scientists can target any specific genes in the genome to turn it off or add a sequence). Name two of them.
What is CRISPR, Zinc Finger Nucleases, or TALENs?
ADME is an acronym for these four pharmacokinetic processes that determine a drug's fate in the body. (Hint: the drug has to travel through the bloodstream and eventually be removed.)
What is absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME)?
This regulatory agency reviews clinical trial data and determines whether a new drug can be marketed in the United States.
What is the FDA?
I am currently in what year of my PhD.
What is the fourth year?