Sedative-hypnotics and antianxiety agents
Drugs that reduce nervous system activity
Schizophrenia symptoms are related to dopamine access
DA hypothesis of schizophrenia
Mood disorder characterized by prolonged feelings of worthlessness and guilt, disruption of eating, and sleeping habits, slowing of behavior, and thoughts of suicide
Major depression
A compound that binds to a group of brain receptors that are also sensitive to morphine
Opioid
A behavioral stimulant that resembles catecholamine transmitters in structure and cause release of NTs in the absence of action potentials and potentiate release with action potentials; symptoms include alertness, euphoria, sleeplessness, weight loss, and general deterioration of mental and physical condition
Amphetamines
A dissociative anesthetic that produces feelings of depersonalization and detachment from reality while acting as an NMDA antagonist
PCP
A second generation antipsychotic
Risperidone or Abilify
A mood disorder in which a person might undergo periods of deep depression alternating with periods of intense excitation
Bipolar disorder
Name the three opioid receptors
mu, kappa, and delta
A behavioral stimulant that is an Ach agonist and increases hart rate, blood pressure, hydrochloric acid secretion, and bowel activity; impacts attention
Nicotine
A higher dose of anxiolytics causes greater inhibitory effects which can lead to coma and death
Biphasic action
What is the difference between first and second generation antipsychotics?
First generation only blocks D2, while second generation changes many neurotransmitter systems
MAO inhibitor
Heroin
A psychedelic that works most strongly at G-protein coupled cannabinoids 1 and 2 receptors
THC
These drugs bind to the sedative-hypnotic site and increase the influx of Cl- causing hyperpolarization
Alcohol and barbituates
Chlorpromazine
An antidepressant agonist that blocks transporter protein for serotonin reuptake so that serotonin stays in the synaptic cleft longer
SSRI
A synthetic opioid that is used for pain relief, relaxation and sleep, euphoria, and to alleviate constipation; binds to mu receptors
The norepinephrine psychedelic that produces pronounced psychic alterations, including a sense of spatial boundlessness and visual hallucinations by activating NE receptor alpha 1a and serotonin receptor 5HT2a
Mescaline
Why shouldn't sedative-hypnotics (alcohol and barbituates) not be taken with antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines)
Name a line of evidence that supports the DA hypothesis of schizophrenia
Chronic users of amphetamines (DA agonist) show schizophrenic-like symptoms; Ketamine and phencyclidine block Glu and cause hallucinations
What is the mechanism of the mood stabilizers lithium carbonate and sodium valproate on bipolar disorder?
Inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) activity which is elevated during manic phases of bipolar disorder
Why are opioids some of the most addicting drugs available?
Rapid tolerance, many of desired effects go away, drug cues get paired with drug, sensitization and tolerance make overdose risk increase
Explain the mechanism of the serotonin psychedelic MDMA
Increases in serotonin levels and changes dopamine levels