Barriers
The brain's main defense system
Blood-brain barrier
Time to circulate blood in an average sized human
1 minute
______ tend to metabolize alcohol slower
Women
Unintended drug effects
Side effects
Alcohol
The amount of medication in your blood that is available to produce an effect
bioavailability
_____ Variation contributes to drug effects
Initial drug breakdown
First pass metabolism
Often used to treat conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures
Benzodiazepines
blood-CSF barrier
Blood levels associated with clinical response
Therapeutic window
_______ Volume
Blood
Time needed to reach a steady state in blood
biological half life
Often used for pain relief
Opioids
Characteristic of the cell membrane that acts as a barrier
Phospholipid bilayer
Most dangerous route of administration
Intravenous
When more drug is needed to have the same effect
Tolerance
There are _____ phases of drug metabolism
2
Increase the activity of the nervous system
Stimulants
pore (fenestra)
Level of drug reached in blood with interval-dosing
Steady-state concentration
When less drug is needed to take effect
Sensitization
Most drugs are eliminated through _____ secretion
Urinary
Often used to treat mood-related disorders
Antidepressants