ACE Inhibitors
This common ACE inhibitor is often the first-line therapy for heart failure
What is lisinopril?
This beta blocker is one of the three proven to reduce HF mortality
What is metoprolol succinate (or carvedilol, or bisoprolol)?
This loop diuretic is most commonly used to treat volume overload
What is furosemide?
ARBs are often used when patients cannot tolerate this ACE-inhibitor side effect
What is a cough?
This cardiac glycoside increases contractility and can reduce HF hospitalizations
What is digoxin?
ACE inhibitors reduce heart failure symptoms by decreasing this vascular effect
What is afterload?
Beta blockers reduce this cardiac property, helping the heart work more efficiently
What is cardiac workload?
Loop diuretics reduce this symptom by decreasing fluid volume
What is edema?
Sacubitril/valsartan belongs to this newer HF drug class
What is ARNI (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor)?
SGLT2 inhibitors like dapagliflozin improve outcomes in patients with heart failure with or without this comorbidity
What is diabetes?
The most common persistent adverse effect of ACE inhibitors
What is a dry cough?
This is the prototype of beta-adrenergic blocking agents for heart failure
What is metoprolol succinate?
This electrolyte must be monitored closely with loop diuretics
What is potassium?
Sacubitril increases levels of these beneficial vasodilating molecules
What are natriuretic peptides?
Patients with this electrolyte disturbance can develop digoxin toxicity even when the serum digoxin level is not considered to be elevated
What is hypokalemia?
This life-threatening electrolyte imbalance can occur with ACE inhibitor therapy
What is hyperkalemia?
Beta-adrenergic blockers suppress this part of the nervous system.
What is sympathetic nervous system?
A nurse would educate a patient taking a thiazide diuretic to eat what type of diet?
What is potassium-rich, low sodium diet?
Sacubitril/valsartan has shown benefits in the management of chronic heart failure by reducing this
Digoxin toxicity often presents with this visual disturbance
What are yellow or blurry halos?
Patients taking ACE inhibitors must avoid these medications that can worsen renal function?
What are NSAIDs?
Beta blockers block which receptors to decrease sympathetic stimulation
What are beta adrenergic receptors?
Severe diuresis can lead to this dangerous renal complication
What is acute kidney injury?
What serious ARNI adverse effect that requires immediate discontinuation
What is angioedema?
This mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist reduces mortality but can cause hyperkalemia and gynecomastia
What is spironolactone?