Drug Use & Abuse
Drug Use & Abuse
Drug Use & Abuse
Drug Use & Abuse
Drug Use & Abuse
100
What is a person's typical first drug?
marijuana or prescription medications
100
Where is dopamine released in the brain following drug taking?
Nucleus Accumbens
100
This can drive drug seeking behavior by eliciting craving and by causing a person to avoid withdrawal
The Amygdala
100
Substance use disorders exists on a continuum.
Experimental drug use + Circumstantial drug use
=
casual drug use -> intensive drug use-> compulsive drug use-> addiction
motivational strength->motivational toxicity
100
What is the appropriate use of the term "Substance Use Disorder"?
The term "substance use disprder" is more patiently-oriented, and puts the control in the person using the substance. The use of the word "addiction: is derogatory and suggests that the substance is in control, rather than the person.
200
What is the difference between tolerance and sensitization?
In tolerance, overtime, larger drug amount is needed to experience the same drug effect,
whereas
sensitization, there is an increased effect of the drug over repeated administration
200
A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three (or more) symptoms
DSM IV definition of addiction
200
What is retrograde?
trace neural connections from the axon terminal to the soma
200
What is models:
Anxiety
place animals in maze and track arm entry. Anxious animals will stay in closed walls
Behavioral task:
200
Behavioral task: tail suspension
what it models: helpness, suspended animal from tail, time how long until animal platform so it can rest
300
What is the primary focus of conditioned place preference and self-administration
Both methods are used to study the rewarding and aversive effects of drug, withdrawal/extinction, and shape
300
Name two stages of cognitive withdrawal
"Honeymoon"- little to no cravings, feel great, high expectations for sobriety
"Hitting the Wall" - intense cravings, low expectations for sobriety
300
What are tracers used for?
Tracers are used to determining connection between nuclei
300
Behavioral task:
tone-shock pairings
What it models:
fear conditioning (habituation and conditioning)
300
Behavioral task"
400
Anterograde chasers
trace neural connections from the soma to the axon terminal
400
List three of the symptoms associated with the DSM IV definition of addiction
1. tolerance
2. withdrawal
3. using larger amounts
4. desire, but inability to cut down or control use
5. spent lots of time obtaining substance
6. normal pursuits are given up for drug use
7. substance use continued negative consequences
400
These are used to measure neurotransmitters in a given area
In vivo microdialysis and fast scan cyclic voltammetry
400
Behavioral task"
Hot plate test
what it models:
modeling pain
400
Behavioral task: morris water maze
what it models: hippocampus/ memory. oberve how long it takes for the animal to find the hidden platform so it can rest
500
What is conditional place preference?
involved the association of a particular envirronment with drug treatment, followed by the association of a different environment with the absence of the drug
500
What is self-administration?
an animal subject or human volunteer performs a response, such as pressing a lever, that delivers a dose of a drug, such as cocaine or herion. The drug is typically delivered via an intravenuous catheter
500
Behavioral task:
Open field
What is models:
Anxiety
Place animals in arena and track their environment. Anxious animals will stay by the wall.
500
What it models?
Forced swim
Behaviour as a measure of depression. place animals in beaker filled with water. Let animals treated water until it goes up and bless
500
What it models:
Working and spatial memory. okace in animal in the center with rewarding arms open. Allow in animal to eat rewards and then remove the animal. After varying amounts of time, place the animal back in center. This time all of the doors are open. Animals that were previously rewarded.