Occurs in type 2 DM; although insulin is secreted, insulin receptors in target tissues become insensitive to insulin, binding of insulin to these receptors decreases, and less effect is achieved
What is insulin resistance
100
the nurse recalls that which type of insulin will have a constant long-duration glucose-lowering effect and no peak of action in the client?
What is insulin glargine
100
Prototype sulfonylerea
What is glyburide
100
What should the diabetic client who takes insulin do when experiencing hypoglycemia
What is take an oral form of glucose
100
Target range for fasting or before meal blood glucose for adults with Type 2 DM
What is between 4 and 7 mmol/L
200
Cell clusters in the pancreas responsible for the secretion of insulin and glucagon
What is Islets of Langerhans
200
Insulin given according to a sliding scale is dosed according to the patients capillary blood glucose being drawn at what times
What is before meals and at bedtime
200
This class of oral antihyperglycemics mechanism of action is to act by stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic islet cells and increasing the sensitivity of insulin receptors on target cells
What is sulfonylureas
200
when mixing insulins, what order should they be drawn up in?
What is clear before cloudy
200
Target range for blood glucose after meals for adults with type 2 DM
What is between 5 and 10 mmol/L
300
acidic waste products of lipid metabolism that lower the pH of the blood
What is keto acids
300
Onset of action of rapid-acting insulin such as insulin lispro
What is 10-15 minutes
300
drug in the class biguanide
What is metformin
300
Failure to achieve normal blood glucose with two oral antihyperglycemics usually indicates a need for this
What is insulin
300
Target range for Hb A1C for adults with Type 2 DM
What is <7%
400
rapid decrease in blood glucose which stimulates the release of hormones (epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon), resulting in elevated morning blood glucose
What is Somogyi phenomenon
400
type of intermediate acting insulin
What is NPH
400
Drug in this class acts by decreasing the hepatic production of glucose and reducing insulin resistance
What is metformin
400
Two ways to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy in clients receiving insulin include
What is rotate sites, keep insulin vials currently in use at room temperature
400
diabetic client should take simple sugar if blood glucose is below this
What is 4 mmol/L
500
type of metabolic acidosis due to an excess of ketone bodies, most often occuring when DM is uncontrolled
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
500
Famous Canadian researcher who discovered insulin and worked in London Ontario in 1920
Who is Frederick Banting
500
Common adverse effect that occurs with glyburide but not metformin
What is hypoglycemia
500
Clients should report symptoms of hyperglycemia. Common symptoms include:
What is increased thirst or urine output, decreased appetite, excessive fatigue
500
fasting blood glucose equal to or greater than ______ mmol/L with symptoms leads to a diagnosis of diabetes