Substances & Routes of Administration
A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience
What is Learning?
Quickly dissolving into the membranes under the tongue helps the medication get into the bloodstream rapidly.
What is sublingual?
When alcohol or opioids are taken with benzodiazepines or barbiturates, the medications are ____________, making them much more powerful.
What is "potentiated"?
Still a group of amazing, cool, and sharp people.
Who are the members of our class?
Repeated exposure to a stimulus will tend to weaken its effect.
What is habituation (or tolerance)?
Lipid-soluble substances enter the membrane ____________, while water-soluble substances get into the body more ________. They must be ionized and get into the cell through channels. (Answers have to do with speed of absorption.)
What are rapidly and slowly, in that order?
The neurotransmitter in benzodiazepines that helps to calm anxiety is ____. This neurotransmitter opens ______ ion channels, allowing it into the cell, calming it down.
What are GABA and Chloride?
________ develops after repeated drug use when the user finds that it takes more of a drug to feel the same effect felt when first using the drug.
What is tolerance?
The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and on behavior.
What is Psychopharmacology?
Astrocytes attach to blood vessels in the brain and form ____ _____, preventing many harmful substances from entering.
What are tight junctions?
As discussed in class, antipsychotic medications reduce the amount of ________ in the nervous system. The biological model says that too much of this NT is the cause of psychotic disorders.
What is dopamine?
Repeated exposure to abuse of drugs causes a progressive and long-lasting increase in their stimulating and positive reinforcing effects.
What is sensitization?
Easy & convenient route of drug administration, but also the most complex route.
What is oral administration?
This is a substance that decreases the likelihood of neurotransmission (binding to receptors).
What is an antagonist?
SSRI's and SNRI's block the reuptake of ______, leaving more of it in the nervous system, said to help alleviate depression.
What is Serotonin?
Tolerance or resistance to a drug that develops through continued use of another drug with similar pharmacological properties.
What is cross-tolerance?
Gases penetrate the respiratory tract and are nearly as quickly absorbed into the blood as they breathed in.
What is inhalation as a route of administration?
Long-standing medications for the alleviation of anxiety.
What are benzodiazepines?
Fentanyl, a powerful analgesic, is said to be 50 to 100 times more powerful than _________.
What is morphine?
Amphetamines are found in medications that are designed to diminish _______ symptoms.
What is ADHD?