Chapter 6
What is a personality disorder?
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
What is the difference between Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa?
A: an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain, maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, distortions of body image and intense fears of gaining weight
B: an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
Major features of schizophrenia?
Disturbances of thought and speech
catatonia
gross disturbances in motor activity and cognitive functioning
what are ideas of reference?
The false impression that outside events have special meaning for oneself.
Define psychopathy?
the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm
What is parasomnias?
Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep.
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
hallucinations.
Describe ego syntonic
behaviour or feelings that are perceived as natural or compatible parts of the self
What is dysomnias?
difficulty with initiating or obtaining sleep or excessive sleepiness
What's the difference between cluster A, B, and C disorders?
A: people who are perceived as odd or eccentric.
B: people whose behaviour is overly dramatic or emotional.
C: avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive.
a sleep disorder involving repeated episodes of intense fear during sleep, causing the person to awake abruptly in a terrified state
Sleep terror disorder
What are the phases of schizophrenia?
Prodromal: a period of deterioration, losing interest in social activities, and failing to meet ADLs.
Acute: psycotoc symptoms like hallucinations, delusions.
Residual: behaviour returns to the level that was characteristic of the prodromal phase.
list the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia
P: hallucinations and delusions
N: apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement
What has the highest death rate of all mental disorders?
Anorexia nervosa.
What is the difference between schizoid and schizotypal personality disorder?
Schizoid: pervasive detachment from social relationships, emotionally cold and flat, indifferent to praise or criticism from others, preference for solitary activities, lacking close friends, emotionless disengagement
Schizotypal: Person has several traits that causes interpersonal problems, including inappropriate affect, paranoid/magical thinking, off beliefs
Recurrent episodes of incomplete awakening from sleep that involves sleep walking, and/or sleep terrors.
non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders
made up words are also known as?
neologisms.
list 5 psychosocial factors that may contribute to an eating disorder.
ridgid dieting, diet culture, social media, bullying, parental influence, low self-esteem, abuse, media
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
stupor
What are the perspectives (cognitive, learning, psychodynamic) of personality disorders?
Cognitive: observational learning & aggressive behaviour, misinterpret others behaviour & social experiences
Learning: stems of events in childhood and maladaptive habits of relating to others
Psychodynamic:
successful resolution of Oedipus complex by incorporating parent's superego, weak or absent father or antisocial parent can sidetrack normal development
Describe hypersomnolence disorder, narcolepsy, AND cataplexy.
H: sleep dysfunction involving an excessive amount of sleep that disrupts normal routines
N: A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
C: sudden loss of muscle control
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors
tardive dyskinesia
word choice based on sound, not meaning, includes nonsense rhymes and puns.
clanging.
The mismatch results in insomnia or excessive sleepiness. Specifiers: delayed sleep phase type, advanced sleep phase type, irregular sleep wake type, non-24 hour sleep wake type, shiftwork type, and unspecified type. Also episodic, persistent, or recurrent
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder