glucose + fructose =
sucrose
(table sugar, sugar cane, etc.)
1 standard drink/day
The class of lipid whose structure contains a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids
Triglycerides
Conditionally essential
A 6oz sirloin steak is considered both a ____ protein source and a ____ protein source
Lean and complete protein source
Which type of fiber reduces the risk of constipation, diverticulitis, certain cancers, heart disease, and obesity?
Insoluble fiber
What process is alcohol created by?
Fermentation
The type of fat that is hydrogenated, often found in processed foods, bad for health, and should only be <1% of your kcal for the day
Trans fat
An instance where denaturation is harmful, and an instance where it is denaturation
Harmful: fever
Desirable: cooking food
T/F: sugar substitutes spike blood sugar
False
Which function of CHO is useful for endurance athletes especially (think of muscle levels)?
Spare protein
via lungs, sweat, or urine
The healthiest sources of dietary fats and what they do for the body
MUFA and PUFA (Omega 6s and Omega 3s) raise HDL cholesterol
Know dietary sources of these FAs
The type of transport that brings AAs into cells
Active transport
Key point: it requires ATP
T/F: cholesterol is essential in the diet
False
The average amount of glucose that's bound to RBCs is called (bonus: what is this value useful for?)
Hemoglobin A1C
Bob is an excessive drinker. He also takes medications. Which metabolic pathway is going to metabolize his medication, and which one is going to metabolize his alcohol?
Medication: MEOH
Alcohol: MEOH
The primary function of phospholipids in terms of cell physiology
Cell membrane structure
The process where proteins are constantly broken down, releasing AAs into the AA pool where they can be used for other functions
Protein turnover
Know what AAs are used for in the AA pool
The way alcohol is stored as a result of its metabolism in the ADH pathway is
Adipose tissue
How does the body maintain blood glucose levels?
Joe went to a bar and ordered a cocktail. The bartender made it with 3 oz of alcohol. How many standard drinks is this considered to be?
6 standard drinks
Borderline high
Greg is a 56 y/o male that weighs 170lb. The correct amount of protein he should be eating is
77g
RDA for adults >50 y/o: 1.0g/kg
The following symptoms are characteristic of which disease:
Strong thirst, urination, wt loss, and increased appetite
Type 1 diabetes mellitus