Policing
The process by which law enforcement agencies develop a pool of qualified applicants from which to select new members.
A. Field Training
B. Sworn Officer
C. Recruitment
D. Detective
C. Recruitment
Reasonable grounds to believe the existence of facts warranting certain actions, such as the search or arrest of a person.
A. Reasonable
B. Probable Cause
C. Exclusionary Rule
D. Searches and Seizures
B. Probable Cause
The situation that occurs when two or more courts have the authority to preside over the same criminal case.
A. Jurisdiction
B. Extradition
C. Concurrent Jurisdiction
D. Trial Courts
C. Concurrent Jurisdiction
Lawyers who initiate and conduct cases in the government’s name and on behalf of the people.
A. Defense Attorney
B. Public Defenders
C. Public Prosecutors
D. Prosecutors
C. Public Prosecutors
A sanctioning philosophy based on the assertion that criminals deserve to be punished for breaking society’s rules.
A. Just Deserts
B. Restitution
C. Restorative Justice
D. Retribution
A. Just Deserts
A metaphorical term used to refer to the value placed on secrecy and the general mistrust of the outside world shared by many police officers.
A. Authority
B. Blue Curtain
C. Ethics
D. Duty
B. Blue Curtain
Situations that require extralegal or exceptional actions by the police.
A. Search and Seizure
B. Exigent Circumstances
C. Warrantless Arrest
D. Affidavit
B. Exigent Circumstances
Separate opinions in which judges disagree with the conclusion reached by the majority of the court.
A. Dissenting Opinion
B. Concurring Opinion
C. Partisan Elections
D. Docket
A. Dissenting Opinion
A rule of evidence requiring that communications between a client and his or her attorney be kept confidential, unless the client consents to disclosure.
A. The Gideon Protection
B. Attorney-Client Privilege
C. Adversary System
D. Initial Appearance
B. Attorney-Client Privilege
The theory that by punishing an individual, other individuals will be deterred from committing the same or similar offenses.
A. Deterrence
B. General Deterrence
C. Retribution
D. Specific Deterrence
B. General Deterrence
Arrests that come about as part of the ordinary routine of police patrol and responses to calls for service.
A. Community Policing
B. Proactive Arrests
C. Reactive Arrests
D. Hot Spots
C. Reactive Arrests
The process by which police examine a person or property to find evidence that will be used to prove guilt in a criminal trial.
A. Search and Seizure
B. Search Warrant
C. Search
D. Consent Searches
C. Search
Elections in which candidates are presented on the ballot without any party affiliation.
A. Docket
B. Partisan Elections
C. Nonpartisan Elections
D. Elections
C. Nonpartisan Elections
The retention of an accused person in custody due to fears that she or he will commit a crime if released before trial.
A. Preliminary Hearing
B. Indictment
C. Preventive Detention
D. Release on Recognizance
C. Preventive Detention
Monetary compensation for damages done to the victim by the offender’s criminal activity.
A. Rehabilitation
B. Restoration
C. Restitution
D. Retribution
C. Restitution
A policing philosophy that requires police to identify potential criminal activity and develop strategies to prevent or respond to that activity.
A. Community Policing
B. Police Subculture
C. Authority
D. Problem-Oriented Policing
D. Problem-Oriented Policing
The direct questioning of a suspect to gather evidence of criminal activity and to try to gain a confession.
A. Coercion
B. Plan View Doctrine
C. Consent Searches
D. Interrogation
D. Interrogation
Also known as a stenographer, a court employee who provides a word-for- word written record of all court proceedings.
A. Clerk of the Court
B. Bailiff of the Court
C. Court Reporter
D. Courtroom Work Group
C. Courtroom Reporter
A Latin term describing the prosecutor’s decision not to prosecute a defendant based on his or her determination that a conviction is either unlikely or undesirable.
A. Nolle Prosequi
B. Nolo Contendere
C. Coir Dire
D. Venire
A. Nolle Prosequi
A period of incarceration that is fixed by a sentencing authority and cannot be reduced by judges or other corrections officials.
A. Indeterminate Sentencing
B. Restorative Justice
C. Capital Punishment
D. Determinate Sentencing
D. Determinate Sentencing
A patrol strategy that relies on police officers monitoring a certain area with the goal of detecting crimes in progress or preventing crime due to their presence; also known as random or preventive patrol.
A. Directed Patrol
B. General Patrol
C. Hot Spots
D. Crime Mapping
B. General Patrol
A decision by a suspect to voluntarily give up his or her right to remain silent, with the understanding that his or her answers may be used as evidence in criminal court.
A. Miranda Waver
B. Miranda Rights
C. Coercion
D. Interrogation
A. Miranda Waver
A request from a higher court asking a lower court for the record of a case.
A. Rule of Four
B. Writ of Certiorari
C. Judicial Review
D. Appellate Courts
B. Writ of Certiorari
The process by which the accused and the prosecutor work out a mutually satisfactory conclusion to the case, subject to court approval.
A. Arraignment
B. Nolo Contendere
C. Plea Bargaining
D. Indictment
C. Plea Bargaining
Statutorily determined punishments that must be applied to those who are convicted of specific crimes.
A. Mandatory Sentencing Guidelines
B.Sentencing Guidelines
C. Sentencing Discrimination
D. Sentencing Disparity
A. Mandatory Sentencing Guidelines