Disproportionate
Representation of ELL's in Special Education
Representation of ELL's in Special Education
It has been shown that students who are ___ are disproportionately referred to and placed in special education.
Students considered limited english proficient
What is Child Find?
Child Find is a provision stating that all children with disabilities residing in a given state must be identified and evaluated to determine what special education and related services they need.
In section 612 of IDEA, all states are required to:
Offer a free and appropriate public education to all students with disabilities ages 3-21, including DLLs/ELs, in the “least restrictive environment.”
What is required for states when choosing to exclude assessment scores of ELL's?
ELL's who have been in the country for less than a year
Who is more likely to be referred to early intervention and/or early special education?
Non DLL's/ELL's
Disproportionate representation is defined as:
The extent to which membership in a given ethnic, socioeconomic, linguistic, or gender group
What is Exclusionary Clause?
A child cannot be determined eligible for special education services if the “determinant factor for such determination is a) lack of appropriate instruction in reading, b) lack of appropriate instruction in math, or c) limited English proficiency”
Early intervening services include:
Academic and behavioral evaluations, services, and supports and are typically implemented before students are evaluated for special education services (often considered a general education requirement).
A key limitation of the research:
lack of explicit theoretical grounding of studies and the formulation of theoretical propositions stemming from the available evidence
What behavior association relates to students who may not be accustomed to hearing sounds in the L2 that are not found in their L1?
Second language acquisition
Specific Disability Categories
Specific Learning Disability (SLD), Intellectual Disability (ID), Emotional Behavioral Disorders (EBD), Language Impairment, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Research suggests that learning a second language takes time and is impacted by several other factors such as: type of bilingual instructional model, pedagogy, and learner characteristics.
type of bilingual instructional model, pedagogy, and learner characteristics
States must adopt English language proficiency standards that cover which four domains?
speaking, listening, reading, and writing. English language proficiency standards must align with states’ academic standards.
Behavior associated with reading fluency
Learning Disability
Who is responsible for using the data to monitor the presence of significant disproportionality among specific subgroups?
Secretary of Education
What are Local Education Agencies (LEA) in violation of?
DLLs/ELs are often assessed only in English even though that is not their L1
IDEA also requires that all assessments be administered by bilingual personnel and trained interpreters, unless doing so is not possible.
DLLs with disabilities ages birth to 3 years are eligible for early intervention services, which are different from the early intervening services that target school-age children. What kind of Services?
Early intervention services are provided in natural environments, such as the child’s home and community settings, to the extent possible. An individualized family service plan must be developed to outline the services and goals for the child, including the services’ anticipated length, duration, and frequency
Behavior associated with students that may have trouble with story narration and retelling when they do not have sufficient development of oral proficiency in addition to instruction in reading and writing.
Behavior associated with language acquisition