Fourth Amendment Basics
This amendment protects people against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
The school search case involving a student's purse.
What is New Jersey v. T-L-O?
The fair legal process required before a person is deprived of life, liberty, or property.
What is due process?
Protection against being forced to testify against oneself.
What is the right against self-incrimination?
A warrantless search exception when someone agrees to the search.
What is consent?
Official permission from a judge that describes what may be searched or seized.
What is a warrant?
The 1961 case establishing the exclusionary rule.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
Protection against being tried twice for the same offense.
What is double jeopardy?
Warnings that explain silence and attorney rights before custodial questioning.
What are Miranda rights?
The exception allowing seizure of readily visible evidence.
What is the plain-view exception?
A good reason to believe a search is justified.
What is probable cause?
The case upholding a limited stop and frisk for safety.
What is Terry v. Ohio?
The group that decides whether evidence supports a formal charge in certain serious cases.
What is a grand jury?
The 1963 law requiring telecommunications carriers to protect customer information.
What is the Telecommunications Act of 1996?
The school-search standard under T-L-O.
What is reasonable suspicion?
Consent, risk of evidence destruction, and plain view.
What are exceptions that can permit warrantless search or seizure?
The case allowing seizure of evidence in plain view without a warrant.
What is Horton v. California?
Fair payment when private property is taken for public use.
What is just compensation?
The doctrine concerning privacy in information shared with a third party.
What is the third-party doctrine?
The doctrine concerning privacy in information shared with a third party.
What is the third-party doctrine?
The standard generally governing a student wearch under T-L-O.
What is reasonable suspicion?
The pubic safety case involving an urgent question about a gun.
What is New York v. Quarles?
The requirement that people accused of crimes receive fair procedures under the law.
What is due process of law?
The protection that provides an attorney for a person who cannot afford one.
What is the right to have counsel appointed at government expense?
The 1996 law requiring telecommunications carriers to protect customer information.
What is the Telecommunications Act of 1996?