Risk Factors
This classic triad describes the three major mechanisms responsible for venous thrombosis.
What is Virchow's Triad?
The most common symptom of lower limb DVT.
What is unilateral leg swelling?
This clinical prediction tool stratifies PE probability into low, moderate, or high risk.
What is the Wells Score?
These agents are now preferred over warfarin for most stable DVT and PE patients.
What are DOACs?
Most pulmonary emboli arise from thrombosis in these veins.
What are the proximal deep veins of the lower limb?
Prolonged immobilization after surgery promotes DVT primarily through this mechanism.
What is venous stasis?
Sudden onset of this symptom is the most common presentation of pulmonary embolism.
What is dyspnea?
A normal result of this test can effectively exclude PE in a low-risk patient.
What is D-dimer?
Preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy.
What is Low Molecular Weight Heparin?
Immediate cause of death in massive PE.
What is acute right ventricular failure?
This inherited thrombophilia causes resistance to activated protein C and is the most common inherited thrombophilia in Caucasians
What is Factor V Leiden mutation?
The most common physical sign in PE.
What is tachypnea?
Current imaging test of choice for diagnosing PE.
What is CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)?
Recommended reperfusion therapy for hemodynamically unstable PE without contraindications.
What is systemic thrombolysis?
Pregnancy-associated DVT most commonly occurs in this leg.
What is the left leg?
This syndrome describes recurrent migratory thrombophlebitis associated with occult malignancy.
What is Trousseau syndrome?
Hypotension and obstructive shock due to PE define this category of PE.
What is massive (high-risk) pulmonary embolism?
Investigation of choice for suspected lower-limb DVT.
What is duplex ultrasonography?
What indicates that a PE is massive?
What is a right ventricular dysfunction?
Typical ABG finding in acute PE.
What is respiratory alkalosis with hypoxemia?
Pregnancy increases DVT risk due to all of the following except one: hypercoagulability, venous stasis, endothelial injury, thrombocytopenia.
What is thrombocytopenia?
This ECG pattern, although classically associated with PE, is neither sensitive nor specific.
What is S1Q3T3?
Elevated levels of these biomarkers in PE suggest right ventricular strain and worse prognosis.
What are troponin and BNP/NT-proBNP?
An inferior vena cava filter should be considered when a patient has acute DVT and this contraindication.
What is an absolute contraindication to anticoagulation?
This is the PE criteria used when there's a low wells score
What is a Pulmonary embolism rule out criteria?