Historical Thinking
19. What is the difference between a primary and a secondary source?
Primary = written at the time of historical event
Secondary = written about the event afterwards
5. What is Confucianism? Why is it historically significant?
a Chinese philosophy based on respect for elders and superiors
Confucianism--> maintain hierarchy/order/control/power --> political stability
1. What is a classical civilization?
an advanced state of development in human society, marked by progress in the arts and sciences, and the appearance of complex political and social institutions
Who was Shi Huangdi?
first emperor of China
1. Name 3 classical civilizations
China, Rome, Greece
2. Name 2 geographic features that influenced China's ability to expand its borders
Explain why
Example: Political philosophy is about politics, theory of government
7. Define Filial Piety. How did it help maintain social order?
respect for elders/superiors --> shapes people's behavior and view of self in society
18. When a question asks you to identify an author's "purpose for writing" what are they referring to?
why they wrote a document, what was the writer's motive
10. Name 2 Chinese dynasties that we have studied
DOUBLE POINTS:
Which dynasty preceded the other?
Han Dynasty, Qin Dynasty
precede = to come first
The Qin Dynasty preceded the Han Dynasty.
12. Define Golden Age. Why was the Golden Age of Han China historically significant?
a long period of stability and wealth
Golden Age --> many technological advancements/discoveries --> harnessed increased control over environment
4. What is Legalism?
a Chinese philosophy based on the belief that people are selfish and required strong rulers to control them
3. Define Autocrat. Provide an example of one Chinese leader who was an autocrat.
Explain why
Shi Huangdi
8. Define Dynasty. Why were dynasties historically significant?
political rule by one family
determined who ruled/for how long, power of dynasty usually acquired through warfare/ people who were governed did not elect their leader/ leader was "selected by God" through mandate of heaven
11. Define innovation. Provide examples of 2 Chines innovations and explain their historical significance
Innovation = a new method, way of doing things
- crossbow, stirrups, kite, plow, making paper, calligraphy, advancements in medicine etc.
14. Define Cultural Diffusion
the exchange of knowledge, goods, ideas, and beliefs from one culture to another
The Chinese were the first to create a civil service examination to select candidates for government service. What is the advantage of a civil service examination?
"Examination were open to all and view as a way for a few talented commoners to improve their social position."
Social mobility within government
9. What is the Dynastic Cycle?
process of how dynasties are established/overthrown --> creation of new government
15. Define the Silk Road. Explain, why is the silk road historically significant?
an extensive trade network that connected the Han and Roman empires
series of overland trade routes that connected Asia and Europe --> exchange of goods, knowledge = cultural diffusion
16. Provide 3 examples of Cultural Diffusion on the silk road
Spread of Buddhism from India to China
Silk made in China --> Rome and Romans eventually learned how to make silk
Glass made in Rome --> China and the Chinese eventually learned how to make glass
17. What is Historical Context? When a question asks you to explain the "historical context" what are they referring to?
background info related to the social, economic and political conditions that influenced a historical event
6. What is the difference between Confucianism and Legalism?
Confucianism - social order maintained through respectful relationships / influences individual behavior which creates social cohesion and harmony
Legalism is a philosophy based on the belief that people are selfish and required strong rulers to control them --> social order
13. Define Political Philosophy. What are political philosophies used for?
study of ideas related to how government should be run and by whom
philosophies = theories/ideas
political = about government (gov't)
20. What is reliability? Provide examples of criteria that make a document reliable
the ability to trust information
Criteria = source, writer/author, language usage, purpose for writing, audience
What were Shi Huangdi's most significant accomplishments?
unified warring states of China, joined together sections of the Great Wall --> protection from nomadic tribes that attempted to invade China