Dysarthria Type
Which type of dysarthria occurs from damage to the cerebellum?
Ataxic
True or False: Bilateral facial nerve damage will negatively affect a person's QoL more than unilateral facial nerve damage.
True
Dysarthria results in difficulty at the level of speech, language, or cognition?
Speech
What is the lesion site that causes flaccid dysarthria?
Lower motor neurons
Lower motor neurons live in the _____________ and upper motor neurons live in the _____________.
LMN = PNS
UMN = CNS
True or False: Flaccidity is characterized by hypotonia and resistance to movement.
False -- flaccidity is characterized by hypotonia and weakness
The mandible may deviate toward the weaker side during an OME if what cranial nerve is damaged?
Trigeminal
Name one type of restorative therapy approach.
Strengthening (CPAP, exercises), relaxing, stretching
What is the lesion site that causes spastic dysarthria?
Bilateral upper motor neurons
Name two differences between apraxia and dysarthria
AOS = inconsistent errors, more difficulty with phonetically complex words, islands of intact speech, normal OME
Dysarthria = consistent errors, same level of difficulty with all types of words, asymmetrical/abnormal OME
Which two types of dysarthria occur from damage to the basal ganglia?
Hypokinetic and hyperkinetic
Unilateral damage to the hypoglossal nerve will be revealed during an OME of which articulator?
Tongue
Give an example of a compensatory strategy for dysarthria
AAC, speech specific tasks, palatal lift/rib binder
True or False: A lesion in the UMN causes damage to the indirect activation pathway only.
False -- it causes damage to both the indirect activation pathway and the direct activation pathway
Name two differences between UMN lesion and LMN lesion presentation
UMN = hypertonia, hyperreflexia, spasticity
LMN = hypotonia, hyporeflexia, flaccidity
Spasticity = ______tonia + _______reflexia
Hyper, hyper
Name 3 components of the vagus nerve.
Superior Laryngeal nerve: Intrinsic/extrinsic
Pharyngeal plexus
True or False: Medical management of the dysarthrias is never a viable option.
False
The difference between a lesion that causes unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria and spastic dysarthria is?
UUMN = unilateral UMN damage
Spastic = bilateral UMN damage
True or False: A lesion in the UMN will affect all structures innervated below it.
True
Generate a definition of the term dysarthria in laymen's terms.
Varied responses
Cranial nerve damage after decussation will cause ipsilateral or contralateral damage?
Name 3 things you would look for/assess during an oral motor exam to detect dysarthria.
Varied..
Name 3 medical diagnoses that may cause dysarthria
CVA, tumor, toxins, TBI, infection...
Where do most cranial nerves decussate?
Medulla