Statins
Dyslipidemia
Pathophysiology
Names
Pharmacological Therapy
100
What is the MOA of statins?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
100
What is the difference between primary and secondary prevention?
primary - patient at risk but have not had a cardiovascular or cerebrovascular event secondary - patient has had an event and are at risk for another event
100
HDL and LDL stand for?
high-density lipoprotein low-density lipoprotein
100
What is the brand name for pravastatin?
Pravachol
100
Can statins be used in pregnant patients?
NO! category X
200
Do statins have a constipation or diarrhea side effect?
diarrhea
200
Name at least 2 types of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD).
Coronary Artery Disease Stable or Unstable Angina History of a MI Stoke or TIA Peripheral Arterial Disease
200
Elevated total and LDL cholesterol are associated with what type of disease?
Coronary artery disease
200
What is the brand name for lovastatin?
Mevacor
200
Cholestyramine does what to triglycerides?
No change or ↑ TG ~ 5%
300
Atorvastatin 20 mg reduces LDL by what percentage?
30-50%
300
What levels of HDL are considered low in men and women?
<40 (men) Low <50 (women) Low
300
Name at least two outcomes possible from a ruptured plaque and coronary thrombosis.
May lead to angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, sudden death
300
What is the brand name for colesevelam?
Welchol
300
Fish oil does what to HDL, LDL, and trigylcerides?
↑HDL ~9% ↑LDL ~up to 44% ↓TG ~up to 45%
400
Name at least 1 hydrophilic statin and what does this mean?
rosuvastatin pravastatin
400
Name 1 drug class that may affect lipid levels. (other than dyslipidemia medications)
Progestins Thiazide diuretics Glucocorticoids B-Blockers Isotretinoin Protease inhibitors Cyclosporine Mirtazapine Sirolimus
400
VLDL carries which lipid in the blood circulation?
triglycerides
400
Name 2 types of bile acid resins.
cholestyramine colestipol colesevelam
400
What is the MOA of niacin?
Decreases rate of hepatic synthesis of VLDL (decrease TGs) and LDL
500
Pravastatin 80 mg is what statin intensity?
moderate-intensity
500
Which medication has the greatest effects on increasing HDL?
Niacin (↑HDL ~15-35%)
500
What are the 3 major lipids in the body?
cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids
500
What are the brand names for gemfibrozil and fenofibrate?
gemfibrozil (Lopid) fenofibrate (Tricor)
500
Name 3 side effects of niacin.
Flushing, pruritus, N/V/D, hyperglycemia, gout
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