Heart Throb
This CAM is one of the best studied herbs and is used to treat high blood lipid levels and HTN but can increase the risk of bleeding
Garlic
This medication class has a similar MOA as Heparin, posses the same degree of anticoagulation activity, but requires fewer lab tests and is less likely to cause thrombocytopenia
LMWHs (i.e., Lovenox)
This protein actively breaks down the fibrin strand
Plasmin
___ disorders are the result of having too much clotting in the body, whereas ___ is the result have having too little clotting in the body
Thrombolytic, Coagulation
This vitamin is essential for clotting
Vitamin K
This cell is responsible for making the majority of the clotting factors in the body
Hepatocytes
Name the class: The largest class of antidysrhythmic medication, these drugs prevent depolarization of the action potential (slow its spread across the myocardium)
Na+ Channel Blockers
Name the class: These medications are used to dissolve self threatening clots quickly, esp. in arteries serving the heart, lungs & brain
Fibrinolytics/ Thrombolytics
Platelet aggregation is facilitated by ____, thrombin enzyme, & thromboxane A2. (hint: the blocked receptor on the platelet is also known as P2Y12)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Name the drug & class: This medication is first line for patients presenting with MI, ischemic stroke, & acute PE. Offered IV or injection (but do not shake the bottle). Remember to report signs of spontaneous ecchymosis to the provider and do not administer it to patients who have had a stroke or head injury w/in the last 3 months
Alteplase (Activase), Fibrinolytic
___: the state in which the Na+ ion channels on the myocardial cell membrane open and Na+ rushes into the cell (Ca+ channels also open & Ca enters the cell as well but not as quickly)
Depolarization
___: when the myocardial cell returns to its polarized state by removing Na+ out of the cell via Na+ ion channels & moves K+ back into the cell via K+ ion channel
Repolarization
Name the drug & class: This antiplatelet drug is often prescribed to patients undergoing CABG or PCI procedures to prevent clot formation, should not be crushed or split, and may require a platelet transfusion if too much is taken
Clopidogrel (Plavix), P2Y12 antagonist/ ADP receptor blocker
___ : the state in which the myocardial cell is at rest, Na+ & Ca+ are found at higher concentrations outside the cell while K+ is found at higher concentrations inside of the cell
Polarized
Name the drug & class: This PO anticoagulant does not require regular lab monitoring, can be taken with or without food, but should not be taken with St. John's Wort
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto), selective factor Xa inhibitor
Name the drug & class: This anticoagulant, only available PO, requires INR monitoring, is contraindicated in pregnancy, and it's effects can last up to 10 days post DC
Warfarin, Vit K antagonist
Name the drug and class: When administering this antidysrhythmic, the patient should be in a supine position due to the risk of sever hypotension. It is also advised that both the patient's CBC and ANA titer be monitored
Procainamide, Na+ channel blocker
Name the drug & class: this antidysrhythmic is available in both PO and IV forms. If offered IV, therapy is limited to no longer than 4 days & if offered PO, it requires a 10g loading dose. Pulmonary toxicity is a severe potential adverse event
Amiodarone, K+ channel blocker
Name the drug and class: This antihypertensive and anti- anginal drug is also classified as a class IV antidysrhythmic (especially useful in the treatment of SVT) but should be used with caution in patient's w/ HF since it can cause bradycardia & decrease heart contractility.
Verapamil, Ca channel blocker
Name the drug and class: A class II antidysrhythmic, this medication is indicated for use in a- flutter, a- fib, & ventricular dysrhythmias, must be weaned over a 1-2 week period and is contraindicated in patients w/ COPD
Propranolol, BB
Name the drug class: Only a few are approved for the treatment of dysrhythmias due to serious SEs (i.e., bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm), but they are able to slow the heart rate & decrease conduction velocity through the AV node, ultimately reducing myocardial automaticity & stabilizing the dysrhythmia
Beta- Adrenergic Antagonists
Name the drug & class: This PO anticoagulant prolongs aPTT & PTT but due to its predictable pharmacokinetics, does not require lab monitoring; however, in the event of an overdose Idaruzcizumab (Praxbind) can be administered to reverse its effects
Dabigatran (Pradaxa), direct thrombin inhibitor
Name the drug & class: This medication, indicated for use in both HF & dysrhythmias, can result in yellow- green tinge visual halos, should not be taken with ant- acids and requires serum monitoring
Digoxin, Cardiac Glycoside
Name the drug & class: this anticoagulant's dosing is based on a patient's weight, aPPT value & clinical indication and is offered both IV and subQ
Heparin, indirect thrombin inhibitor
Name the drug and class: This antidysrhythmic can cause CNS toxicity and the medication used to treat overdose of it is the IV lipid infusion "Lipid Rescue"
Lidocaine, Na Channel Blocker