Dysrhythmias
Premature
atrial
contraction
atrial
contraction
Atrial
Flutter
Flutter
Atrial
Fib
Fib
Heart
Failure
Failure
MEDS
AFIB
TX
AFIB
TX
100
Normal SA node rate?
Primary or Secondary?
60-100 beats/min
primary (sinoatrial)
100
what is premature atrial contraction (PAC)?
Extra HB that occurs in atrial chambers contracting too early
"skips a beat" 
100
what is atrial flutter?
upper chambers (atriums) beat rapidly but in a regular rhythm
Decreases cardiac output bc of ineffective atrial contractions
100
what is atrial fibrillation?
upper chambers (atriums) beat rapidly but in a irregular and chaotic rhythm (in LT atria)
100
where is the defect at?
ventricular filling (diastolic)
or
Ventricular ejection (systolic)
100
Diltiazem classification
calcium channel blocker
200
Normal AV node rate?
Primary or secondary?
40-60 beats/min
Secondary (atrioventricular)
200
what causes PAC?
stress, fatigue, caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, hypoxia, electrolyte imbalance, disease states
200
what is a radiofrequency catheter ablation?
burns and destroys tissue causing arrhythmias
200
What is synchronized cardioversion?
A counter shock using a cardioversion machine on the R wave of the QRS complex of ECG.
200
What is Ejection fraction?
Amount of blood pumped by ventricles with each beat
200
Metoprolol
beta blocker
300
what is the rate of His-Purkinje fibers?
20-40 beats/min
300
what are complications of PAC?
A-flutter & A-Fib
300
what is the rhythm regularity and BPM?
What kind of formation does it make on ECG?
regular, fast rhythm, 200-350 BPM
Sawtooth formation
Too many P wave formations
300
what is the rhythm regularity and BPM?
What kind of formation does it make on ECG?
Iiregular, fast rhythm, 350-600 BPM
no distinct formation
No discernable P-waves
300
Why does HF occur?
when the heart muscle is unable to pump effectively by ...
Inadequate cardiac output
Insufficient blood supply/O2 to organs/tissues
Myocardial hypertrophy
Pulmonary/systemic congestion
300
Amiodarone
anti-dysrhythmic
400
what electrolytes affect the heart?
what are the lab values?
Na+ (136-145)
Ca (9.0-10.5)
K+ (3.5-5.0)
400
medication(s) to administer?
Beta blocker
reduces the extra beats and mellows heart
400
Less severe or more severe?
less severe
most ppl can live in a flutter
400
less or more severe?
More severe as it is harder to treat compared to Aflutter
400
What is LT HF? what organs does it affect?
What does LT HF look like?
Blood backing up into LT atrium and pulmonary veins BC LT vent is not pumping properly.
Lungs, Kidneys, Liver
400
Digoxin
digitalis glycoside
* controls rate and rhythm
*used on Afib
500
what are the atrial dysrhythmias? (2)
Atrial flutter
Atrial Fibrillation
500
What is hypertrophy?
The increase in muscle mass and heart wall thickness
500
What are normal BNP levels?
What are normal Ejection fraction levels?
Normal BNP= <100 pg/mL
*Greater than 100 pg/mL = HF *
Normal EF = 55-75%
*less than <40% = RT HF*
500
what are therapeutic serum digoxin levels to prevent digoxin toxicity?
0.8-2.0 ng/mL
500
What is RT HF? what organs does it affect?
What does RT HF look like?
RT vent does not pump effectively, fluid backs up into systemic venous system causing fluid to fill into body tissue and organs.
Cor pulmonale, hepatomegaly, ascites and KF
500
anticoagulant brand names
warfarin
apixaban
rivaroxaban
coumadin
elaquis
xarelto