Chapter 1
smallest unit of life is...
a cell
AN ATOM IS THE...
IS THE SMALLEST UNIT OF MATTER THAT STILL RETAINS THE PROPERTIES OF AN ELEMENT
cohesive behavior, high specific heat, and ability to moderate temperature.
hydrogen bonding
How many valence electrons does Carbon form
4
Qualitative vs Quantitative Data
Qualitative data: descriptions rather than
measurements
Quantitative data: recorded measurements,
which are sometimes organized into tables and
graphs
atomic mass =
protons + neutrons
Why is water considered a versatile solvent?
Because its polar nature allows it to form hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar molecules
Hydrocarbons
organic molecules consisting of
only carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbons can undergo reactions that release a large amount of energy
5 Unifying themes of Biology
- Organization
– Information
– Energy and Matter
– Interactions
– Evolution
Which four elements make up the majority of living matter?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
Which property of water allows it to move against gravity in plants?
Cohesion and adhesion due to hydrogen bonding
Alcohols
Hydroxyl
approach that reduces complex systems to
simple components that are manageable to study
Reductionism
Which correctly distinguishes nonpolar and polar covalent bonds?
Nonpolar bonds share electrons equally; polar bonds share electrons unequally due to differences in electronegativity
Which statement correctly describes strong and weak acids?
Strong acids fully dissociate in water, releasing more H⁺ ions; weak acids dissociate partially
Functional group that can store & transfer energy
between organic molecules
phosphate
Which three multicellular kingdoms are included in Domain Eukarya?
Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
VAN DER WAALS
INTERACTIONS
• OCCUR ONLY WHEN ATOMS AND
MOLECULES ARE VERY CLOSE
TOGETHER
• COLLECTIVELY, SUCH INTERACTIONS
CAN BE STRONG
Why does ice float on water
Hydrogen bonds in ice hold molecules in a more ordered structure, making ice less dense than liquid water
functional group responsible for stabilizing proteins
sulfhydryl