Meningitis
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Nephritic and Nephrotic syndromes
100

One of the two major organisms that cause community-acquired (bacterial) meningitis.

S. pneumonia and N. meningitidis

100

The imaging of choice for diagnosing HCM

What is an echocardiogram?

100

This syndrome results in heavy proteinuria.

What is nephrotic syndrome.

200

A patient with clinical and lab evidence of meningeal inflammation with negative bacterial cultures is said to have this type of meningitis.

What is aseptic meningitis?

200

Class of medications used to mitigate symptoms of heart failure, chest pain, or both in patients with obstructive HCM

Beta blockers 

Accept disopyramide (class 1a)

200

Name 2 causes of nephrotic syndrome 

2 of the following: 

  • minimal-change disease (more common in children) — primary and secondary (e.g., as a paraneoplastic condition)
  • focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) — primary and secondary (e.g., HIV, toxins, vasculitis, lupus)
  • membranous nephropathy — primary (now associated with certain antiibodies, most commonly to the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor [PLA2R] and thrombospondin type 1- domain-containing 7A [THSD7A]) and secondary (e.g., associated with hepatitis B and C, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDS], lupus, malignancy)
  • diabetes mellitus (diabetic nephropathy)
  • amyloidosis
  • lupus
300

Which of the following groups are recommended to have meningococcal vaccine: HIV infection, travel to endemic areas, during outbreaks, college freshmen, military recruits, immunodeficiency.

What are: all of these groups?

300

If you looked at a HCM patient's heart biopsy under the microscope, this is what you would see.

What are disordered, hypertrophied myocytes with bizarre shaped nuclei and replacement fibrosis? (at least 2 of these adjectives or their synonyms) - Also accept myocardial disarray

300

List two causes of immune-complex mediated nephritic syndromes. 

  • IgA nephropathy
  • IgA vasculitis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura)
  • Postinfectious nephritis
  • Lupus nephritis
  • Hepatitis C
  • Fibrillary glomerulonephritis
400

Three causes of aseptic, noninfectious meningitis.

Medications (NSAIDs, pyridium, bactrim, post-vaccine).  Malignancy (leukemia, lymphoma, metastatic disease).  Autoimmune (behcet's, sarcoid, lupus). 

400

Name non-pharmacological approaches besides transplantation in the treatment of HOCM. 

Primary transaortic septal myectomy or, in selected patients, alcohol septal ablation

400

List two causes of pauci-immune nephritic syndromes. 

  • Microscopic polyangiitis
  • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener granulomatosis)
  • Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg–Strauss syndrome)
  • Polyarteritis nodosa
500

A CT should be done before an LP in patients with suspected bacterial meningitis if they have any of these.

What are immunocompromised (HIV, immunosuppressives), history of CNS disease (mass, stroke, focal infection), papilledema, abnormal LOC, focal neurologic deficit

500

What maneuvers decrease the murmur of HOCM. 





The murmur and the gradient across the LVOT will decrease with an increase in preload (Squatting) or an increase in afterload (handgrip). In addition, the gradient and the murmur will increase with a decrease in preload (Valsalva maneuver, diuretics, standing). 


500

A 27-year-old man was hospitalized for evaluation of left flank pain of 1 week duration. He was diagnosed as having nephrotic syndrome 6 months ago and treated with Prednisolone. He denies any dysuria, frequency, or urgency. Which imaging modality is indicated to rule out which complication of nephrotic syndrome?

What are renal venogram to rule out renal vein thrombosis. 

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