Counseling Across Cultures

Acculturation Models

100

What is assimilation?

Assimilation occurs when people adopt the dominant or host culture’s norms over their culture of origin.

200

What is separation?

Separation occurs when people reject the dominant or host culture in favor of preserving their culture of origin.

300

What is integration, often associated with biculturalism?

Integration; it involves adopting dominant-culture norms while maintaining one’s culture of origin.

400

What is marginalization?

• Marginalization occurs when people reject both their culture of origin and the dominant host culture.

500

• What is Berry’s acculturation model intended to explain about immigrants and minority groups?

•  It offers a nuanced way to understand how people navigate cultural identities and adaptation in diverse contexts.

Family and Cultural Values

100

What is familismo?

Familismo is a value framework emphasizing family and friendship networks, respect, affection, unity, tradition, and cooperation.

200

What is one value emphasized by familismo: family unity, respect, tradition, or cooperation?

Any one of: family unity, respect, tradition, or cooperation.

300

What family conflict can arise from differences in acculturation levels?

Differences in acculturation can lead to conflicting views about traditional roles and family expectations.

400

What distinction does the presentation make between parental cultural values and children’s societal context?

Parental values are described as rooted in tradition, interdependence, and inherited expectations; children encounter mainstream societal expectations that may emphasize autonomy and changing family dynamics.

500

• How might differing expectations about family roles and personal autonomy contribute to intergenerational conflict?

• Different acculturation experiences may lead family members to hold conflicting expectations about roles, obligations, and individual choice.

Health and Counseling

100

What is fatalism?

Fatalism is the belief that life experiences are determined by fate, luck, or destiny.

200

• According to the presentation, what outlook may compound the association between fatalism and lower health outcomes?

• A more pessimistic outlook.

300

What approach should a counselor take toward a client’s traditional healing work?

Seek ways to integrate mental health counseling with traditional healing rather than dismissing it.

400

Why might dismissing a client’s traditional healing practices risk the counseling relationship?

The presentation emphasizes that dismissing traditional healing may harm the counselor’s interpersonal connection with the client.

500

• How could a counselor integrate mental health counseling with traditional healing while maintaining a respectful connection with the client?

A counselor could respectfully explore the client’s traditional healing practices and look for ways to incorporate them alongside mental health counseling.

Identity and Terminology

100

• 100: What ethnic descriptor does the U.S. Census officially use?

• Hispanic or Latino.

200

What is one gendered term some individuals prefer: Latina or Latino?

Latina or Latino.

300

What is one specific cultural or national-origin identifier mentioned in the presentation?

Chicana or Puerto Rican.

400

Why should professionals avoid assuming that one pan-ethnic term fits everyone?

Preferences vary across individuals and communities; some prefer Latinx, gendered terms, Hispanic, or specific ethnic identifiers.

500

• What range of preferences does the presentation describe for self-identification?

• Preferences range from Latinx and Latina or Latino to Hispanic and specific identifiers such as Chicana or Puerto Rican.